INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards
different branches of analytical chemistry
organic chemistry
inorganic chemistry
physical chemistry
analytical chemistry
is the determination of the quality and
quantity of the substance
chemical analysis
is concerned with the chemical
characterization of matter, both qualitative and quantitative
analytical chemistry
analytical chemistry is known as
Science of Chemical Measurements
“Analytical chemistry, or the art of recognizing different substances and determining their constituents, takes a prominent position among applications of science….”
Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald
further classification
Bioanalytical chemistry
Material analysis
Chemical analysis
Environmental analysis
Forensics
provides information about the identity of species or functional groups in the sample
qualitative analysis
provides numerical information of analyte
quantitative analysis
wet chemical methods such as precipitation, extraction, distillation, boiling or melting points, gravimetric and titrimetric measurements
classical methods
analytical measurements (conductivity, electrode potential, light absorption or emission, mass-to-charge ratio, fluorescence, etc.) are made using instrumentation
instrumental methods
determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it
gravimetric method
volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte is measured
volumetric method
based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules
spectroscopic method
separation techniques and quantitation /is based on calibration curve
chromatographic method
involve the measurement of electrical properties such as voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge
electroanalytical method
analysis steps
define the problem
obtain a representative sample
prepare the sample for analysis
select a method
measure the size of the sample to be analyzed
sample measurement
selection of method
picking a method
process of collecting small mass of a material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of the material
sampling/acquiring the sample
need to eliminate substances that may interfere with the measurement step
eliminating interferences
an analytical result depends on a final measurement of a physical or chemical property
calibration and measurement
analyte concentrations from experimental data need to be calculated
calculating results
analytical results are incomplete without an estimate of their reliability
evaluating results by estimating their reliability
