Introduction to anaerobic respiration Flashcards
1
Q
Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
A
- when there is an absence of oxygen/or cannot be supplied fast enough to meet the demand of the cells then anaerobic respiration may occur.
2
Q
What is obligate anaerobes?
A
- They only survive in the absence of oxygen
3
Q
What are examples of obligate anaerobes?
A
- some prokaryotes and fungi
4
Q
What a faculative anaerobes?
A
- They usually make ATP by aerobic respiration, but can switch to anerobic respiration if oxygen runs out.
5
Q
What is an example of faculative anaerobes?
A
- Yeast
6
Q
What are obligate aerobes?
A
- They can only make ATP in the presence of oxygen
7
Q
What is an example of an obligate aerobe?
A
- mammals
8
Q
Why does ETC/OPP stop in the absence of oxygen?
A
- It needs oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
- Without oxygen, the electrons have nowhere to pass to, the whole chain stops, chemiosmosis stops
9
Q
Why does the Link reaction/kreb cycle stop in the absence of oxygen?
A
- They both release the hydrogen atoms, which pass to either NAD or FAD before releasing electrons to the ETC.
- If the ETC has stopped, the reduced NAD/FAD have nowhere to pass their hydrogen atoms on to, so they remain reduced and so cannot accept anymore hydrogen atoms.
10
Q
Why does glycolysis continue in the absence of oxygen?
A
- glycolysis releases hydrogen atoms which pass to NAD
- in order for glycolysis to keep going, the reduced NAD has to pass to its hydrogen atoms somewhere, become NAD again
11
Q
Why is glycolysis known as the common pathway?
A
- it occurs in both aerobic and anerobic respiration.
12
Q
What are two ways anerobic respiration occur in eukaroyotic cells?
A
- Muscle cells in animal cells
- yeast cells in plants/fungi
13
Q
What do muscle cells produce?
A
- lactic acid
14
Q
What do yeast cells do?
A
- Ethanol fermentation
15
Q
How many ATP will be made per glucose molecules respired?
A
- 2 ATP - anerobic respiration generates a little ATP to leap cells alive until oxygen becomes available first
