Glycolysis Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
- Trapping glucose in the cell by phosphorylating the molecule
- Splitting the glucose molecule in two
Where does glycolysis happen in the cell?
- in the cytoplasm
What is the first stage of glycolysis - (hint: phosphorylation) ?
- glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by ATP becomes glucose with a phosphate (6C)
- glucose with a phosphate (6C) is phosphorylated by ATP becomes hexose bisphosphate (6C)
Or:
glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by 2 ATP to form hexose bisphosphate (6C)
What is the second stage of glycolysis - (hint: lysis) ?
- hexose bisphosphate (6C) splits into two molecules of triose phosphate (3C)
What is the third stage of glycolysis - (hint: oxidation) ?
- hydrogen is removed from each molecule of triose phosphate and transferred to coenzyme NAD to form 2 reduced NAD
What is the fourth stage of glycolysis - (hint: Dephosphorylation) ?
- phosphates are transferred from the intermediate substrate molecules to form 4 ATP through substrate-linked phosphorylation
What is the fifth and final stage of glycolysis- (hint: pyruvate) ?
Pyruvate is produced: the end product of glycolysis which can be used in the next stage of respiration
Where does pyruvate go?
- it goes into the matrix
- the outer membrane has protein channels which allows the pyruvate in
Where does the NAD go when produced?
-NAD goes to the cristae, gets rid of it and then it comes back
What is produced at the end of glycolysis?
- 4 ATP
- 2 NAD
What is NAD?
- NAD is a co-enzyme
- It is a non-protein organic molecule which helps the enzymes in the last part of glycolysis to work
How much ATP is used up?
- 4 are made
- 2 are used up
What is a dehydrogenation reaction?
- TP (Triose Phsophate) is converted to the pyruvate, it loses 2 pairs of hydrogen atoms
- the TP is oxidised as it loses the hydrogen
- The NAD co-enzyme helps this step by accepting the hydrogen atoms becoming reduced
