Introduction to anaemia Flashcards
Anemia is the _____ of haemoglobin concentration OR. RBC in blood.
Reduction. easy one eh
To determine whether the patient is anemic, we analyse the ____ OR ____ of the FBC.
Hb and Pack cell volume (PCV)
In anemia,
Male: Hb
Male Hb < 13g/dL , PCV <41L/L
Female Hb < 12g/dL , PCV <36L/L
No matter the cause of anemia, the RBC indices will remain the same, standard value. True or False?
FALSE. There will be variations in the RBC indices depending on the mechanism or cause of anemia.
Functional unit of RBC is_____
Haemoglobin lahhhh
Give the three main reason the body develop anemia
- loss of RBC
- Rapid destruction of RBC and bone marrow cannot keep up
- Bone marrow impaired
Iron, _____ and folic acid deficiency leads to decrease RBC production.
Cobalamin
Loss of RBC can occur through chronic _____ or acute ______.
chronic hemorrhage or acute trauma.
basically the person bleed so much that the RBC decreases rapidly
Methyldopa, a medication for high blood pressure can cause ______.
Haemolysis
Incompatible blood, trauma and _____ also causes haemolysis.
sickle cell disease
Infants are at risk of anemia if they are born _____.
Prematurely
Patients with gastrointestinal disorders are at risk of developing anemia. True or False?
TRUE, because they might have a problem in iron absorption.
What are the three types of anemia?
Microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic, depending on the MCV results
What are the etiology of normocytic anemia? At least 3.
Acute blood loss (main) Chronic disease Hemolysis Infection Inflammation Malignancy Renal Insufficiency Sickle cell disease
What are the etiology of macrocytic anemia? At least 3.
Alcoholism Bone marrow disorders Hypothyroidism Liver disease Chemotherapy Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency
What are the etiology of microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Chronic disease
Anemia patients have low oxygen carrying ability, they can have tissue____.
hypoxia
Signs and symptoms of anemia examples:
Pallor (looking pale) Fatigue Headache Dizziness Faintness muscular weakness
Yellowing in eye and skin due to anemia.
Jaundice
In severe anemia, the patient might experience angina and heart attack! True or False?
TRUE, because oxygen is chronically diminished
FBC, blood smear and ________ are used to screen for anaemia.
urine or stool examination
Why do we want to perform laboratory investigation for anemic patients?
To diagnose and find the cause of anemia
How can we find out the cause of anaemia?
we can do this through Hb electrophoresis (for thalassemia), serum ferritin, iron, TIBC and genetic studies (inherited or not).
Serum iron studies are analysed in _____anemia
microcytic
