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CHM 109: General Chemistry II > Introduction to Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Introduction to Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the properties of acids?

A
  1. Sour taste.
  2. Reacts with metal, so it is considered to be corrosive.
  3. Reacts with carbonates (baking soda, chalk, limestone, marble) to produce CO_2.
  4. Turns blue litmus paper red.
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2
Q

What are the properties of bases?

A
  1. Made w/groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table.
  2. Are referred to as alkalis.
  3. Bitter taste.
  4. Often poisonous.
  5. Slippery and gelatinous feel.
  6. Turns red litmus paper blue.
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3
Q

What makes an acid or base strong?

A
  1. Completely dissociates in water.
  2. Complete ionization.
  3. Strong electrolyte.
  4. Forward-only reaction.
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4
Q

What makes an acid or base weak?

A
  1. Partial (less than or equal to 5%) dissociation in water.
  2. Reversible ionization (equilibrium).
  3. Weak electrolytes.
  4. Can use ICE tables.
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5
Q

What is the name of HClO_4?

A

Perchloric acid.

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6
Q

What is the name of HCl?

A

Hydrochloric acid.

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7
Q

What is the name of HBr?

A

Hydrobromic acid.

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8
Q

What is the name of HI?

A

Hydroiodic acid.

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9
Q

What is the name of HNO_3?

A

Nitric acid.

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10
Q

What is the name of H_2SO_4?

A

Sulfuric acid.

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11
Q

What is the name of LiOH?

A

Lithium Hydroxide.

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12
Q

What is the name of NaOH?

A

Sodium Hydroxide.

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13
Q

What is the name of KOH?

A

Potassium Hydroxide.

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14
Q

What is the name of Ca(OH)_2?

A

Calcium Hydroxide.

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15
Q

What is the name of Sr(OH)_2?

A

Strontium Hydroxide.

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16
Q

What is the name of Ba(OH)_2?

A

Barium Hydroxide.

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17
Q

What is Arrhenius’s definition of an acid?

A

Acids that ionize in water to produce H+ (very reactive) and normally turn into H_3O+ ions and anions.

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18
Q

What is Arrhenius’s definition of a base?

A

Bases that dissociate in water to produce OH- ions and cations.

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19
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?

A

Acids are species that donate H+ ions.

20
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base?

A

Bases are species that accept H+ ions.

21
Q

What does amphiprotic/amphoteric mean?

A

Compounds that can act as an acid or a base.
ex: H2O.

22
Q

How are conjugate acid-base pairs related?

A

The loss or gain of an H+ ion.

23
Q

How does a conjugate acid form?

A

When a base picks up an H+ ion.

24
Q

How does a conjugate base form?

A

When an acid loses an H+ ion.

25
Q

What happens when a strong acid and a strong base mix together?

A

An ionic salt and water form.

26
Q

What does HA stand for?

A

Conjugate base.

27
Q

What does A stand for?

A

Acid.

28
Q

What does B stand for?

A

Base.

29
Q

What does BH stand for?

A

Conjugate acid.

30
Q

The stronger something is as an acid; the _________ it is as a base.

A

weaker

31
Q

What is Ka?

A

Acid ionization energy.

32
Q

What is Kb?

A

Base ionization energy.

33
Q

What is the new significant figures rule when it comes to Ka and pKa?

A

Number of significant figures = Number of decimal places.
a. 1. x 10^-7 = 7.0
b. 3.2 x 10^-9 = 8.50
c. 4.56 x10^-8 = 7.341

34
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

-log(H3O+).

35
Q

What does one pH unit correspond to?

A

A factor of 10 difference in acidity.

36
Q

Where is pH measured?

A

At equilibrium unless stated otherwise.

37
Q

What is pKa?

A

-log(Ka).

38
Q

What is pKb?

A

-log(Kb).

39
Q

What is pKw?

A
  1. -log(kw).
  2. pKa + pKb.
40
Q

As pKa and pKb decrease, what happens to the strength of the acid and base?

A

It increases.

41
Q

What happens when a strong acid or a strong base is placed in water?

A

It totally dissociates.

42
Q

How many H+ ions does 1.0 M of H2SO4 contain?

A

2.0 M

43
Q

How many OH- ions does 2.0 M of Sr(OH)2 contain?

A

4.0 M.

44
Q

When a polyprotic acid dissociates in water and donates one H+ ion, how much energy does it take to remove each subsequent H+ ion?

A

The amount of energy required increases.
*Ka also decreases.

45
Q

What is the equation for percent ionization?

A

([H3O+] equilibrium/[HA] Initial) x 100

CHM 109: General Chemistry II (5 decks)

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