Introduction to abdomen Flashcards by Berivan Arikan

Boundaries of the abdomen

Superior- Diaphragm

Inferior- Pelvic inlet

Anterolaterally- musculo-aponeurotic abdominal wall

Posterior- lumbar vertebrae

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What. is the umbilicus a reference point for

Transumbilical plane

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What dermatome does the umbilicus indicate

T10

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What is the linea alba

It is the thin muscle band stretching down from xiphoid process down to the umbilicus (can be seen in slim and toned individuals)

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What two things define a 6 pack

Rectus abdominis and tendinous intersections

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What is the linea semilunaris

Muscle that runs along the lateral aspect of the rectus abdominis in the anterior abdominal wall

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Where does the linea semilunaris extend to and from

Inferior costal margin (near cc9) to pubic tubercles

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What does the inguinal groove separate

Antolateral abdominal wall and the thigh

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What are the two planes in the abdomen

Median plane (Run directly down the middle of the abdomen)

Transumbilical plane- IV disc between L3 and L4 and runs horizontally across umbilicus

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What are the 9 planes of the abdomen

Transtubercular plane
Subcostal plane
Midalcvicular plane

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What is the transtubercular plane

Iliac tubercle and body of L5

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What is the subcostal plane

Inferior border of 10th cc and body of L3

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What are midclavicular planes

Half way along clavicle and mid inguinal point

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What are the 9 regions of the abdomen

R&amp;L hypochondriac region 
Epigastric 
R&amp;L lateral regions
Umbilical regions
R&amp;L inguinal regions
Hypogastric region

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What are the viscera associated with the R hypochondriac region

Pylorus of stomach, part of right lobe of liver, gall bladder, right kidney

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What are the viscera associated with the epigastric region of the abdomen

Liver
Stomach
Duodenum
Pancreas

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What are the viscera associated with the L hypochondriac

Stomach and left kidney

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What are the viscera associated with the R Lumbar (lateral) region

Ascending colon

What are the viscera associated with the umbilical region

Small intestines

What are the viscera associated with the L lumbarl region

Descending colon

What are the viscera associated with the R inguinal region

caecum, appendix

What are the viscera associated with the L inguinal region of the abdomen

Descending colon

What are the viscera associated with the Hypogastric region of the abdomen

Sigmoid colon

What are the lymph nodes superior to umbilicus

Axillary lymph nodes

What are the lymph nodes inferior to umbilicus

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What are retroperitoneal organs

Behind the peritoneum

What is a peritoneum

Smooth transparent serous membrane (parietal and visceral)

What is inside the peritoneal cavity

Potential space | Peritoneal fluid

What is peritonitis

Inflammation of peritoneum - Release of serum into cavity which will result in pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting - extra fluid inside is called ascitic fluid

What is a mesentry

Double of layer of peritoneum which occurs because of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ

What is an example of a mesentery

Small intestine

What does the mesentery act as

Neuvascular communication between the viscera and the body wall so therefore viscera with mesentery are mobile

What is a peritoneal ligament

Connects an organ to another organ or an organ to a body wall

What is an example of a peritoneal ligament and what is it

falciform ligament - attaches liver to the anterior abdominal wall

What is the omentum

Double layered extension of peritoneum which passes from stomach and first part of duodenum to adjacent organs

What are the two omentums

Greater and lesser omentums

What is the mesentery of the transverse colon which attaches it to the abdominal wall

transverse mesecolon

What are the 3 parts of the greater omentum

Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament

What does the gastrosplenic ligament attach

Stomach to the spleen

What does the gastrophrenic ligament attach

Stomsvh to the diaphragm

What does the lesser omentum attach

Part of the stomach

What are the ligaments of the lesser omentum

epiploic/ mental foramen

What are the greater sacs in the abdomen

Supracolic compartment and the infra colic compartment

What is the lesser sac in the abdomen

Infracolic compartment