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Anatomy of the abdomen > Introduction to abdomen > Flashcards

Introduction to abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the abdomen

A

Superior- Diaphragm

Inferior- Pelvic inlet

Anterolaterally- musculo-aponeurotic abdominal wall

Posterior- lumbar vertebrae

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2
Q

What. is the umbilicus a reference point for

A

Transumbilical plane

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3
Q

What dermatome does the umbilicus indicate

A

T10

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4
Q

What is the linea alba

A

It is the thin muscle band stretching down from xiphoid process down to the umbilicus (can be seen in slim and toned individuals)

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5
Q

What two things define a 6 pack

A

Rectus abdominis and tendinous intersections

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6
Q

What is the linea semilunaris

A

Muscle that runs along the lateral aspect of the rectus abdominis in the anterior abdominal wall

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7
Q

Where does the linea semilunaris extend to and from

A

Inferior costal margin (near cc9) to pubic tubercles

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8
Q

What does the inguinal groove separate

A

Antolateral abdominal wall and the thigh

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9
Q

What are the two planes in the abdomen

A

Median plane (Run directly down the middle of the abdomen)

Transumbilical plane- IV disc between L3 and L4 and runs horizontally across umbilicus

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10
Q

What are the 9 planes of the abdomen

A

Transtubercular plane
Subcostal plane
Midalcvicular plane

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11
Q

What is the transtubercular plane

A

Iliac tubercle and body of L5

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12
Q

What is the subcostal plane

A

Inferior border of 10th cc and body of L3

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13
Q

What are midclavicular planes

A

Half way along clavicle and mid inguinal point

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14
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen

A 
R&L hypochondriac region 
Epigastric 
R&L lateral regions
Umbilical regions
R&L inguinal regions
Hypogastric region
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15
Q

What are the viscera associated with the R hypochondriac region

A

Pylorus of stomach, part of right lobe of liver, gall bladder, right kidney

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16
Q

What are the viscera associated with the epigastric region of the abdomen

A

Liver
Stomach
Duodenum
Pancreas

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17
Q

What are the viscera associated with the L hypochondriac

A

Stomach and left kidney

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18
Q

What are the viscera associated with the R Lumbar (lateral) region

A

Ascending colon

19
Q

What are the viscera associated with the umbilical region

A

Small intestines

20
Q

What are the viscera associated with the L lumbarl region

A

Descending colon

21
Q

What are the viscera associated with the R inguinal region

A

caecum, appendix

22
Q

What are the viscera associated with the L inguinal region of the abdomen

A

Descending colon

23
Q

What are the viscera associated with the Hypogastric region of the abdomen

A

Sigmoid colon

24
Q

What are the lymph nodes superior to umbilicus

A

Axillary lymph nodes

25
Q

What are the lymph nodes inferior to umbilicus

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

26
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs

A

Behind the peritoneum

27
Q

What is a peritoneum

A

Smooth transparent serous membrane (parietal and visceral)

28
Q

What is inside the peritoneal cavity

A

Potential space

Peritoneal fluid

29
Q

What is peritonitis

A

Inflammation of peritoneum

  • Release of serum into cavity which will result in pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting
  • extra fluid inside is called ascitic fluid
30
Q

What is a mesentry

A

Double of layer of peritoneum which occurs because of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ

31
Q

What is an example of a mesentery

A

Small intestine

32
Q

What does the mesentery act as

A

Neuvascular communication between the viscera and the body wall so therefore viscera with mesentery are mobile

33
Q

What is a peritoneal ligament

A

Connects an organ to another organ or an organ to a body wall

34
Q

What is an example of a peritoneal ligament and what is it

A

falciform ligament - attaches liver to the anterior abdominal wall

35
Q

What is the omentum

A

Double layered extension of peritoneum which passes from stomach and first part of duodenum to adjacent organs

36
Q

What are the two omentums

A

Greater and lesser omentums

37
Q

What is the mesentery of the transverse colon which attaches it to the abdominal wall

A

transverse mesecolon

38
Q

What are the 3 parts of the greater omentum

A

Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Gastrocolic ligament

39
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament attach

A

Stomach to the spleen

40
Q

What does the gastrophrenic ligament attach

A

Stomsvh to the diaphragm

41
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach

A

Part of the stomach

42
Q

What are the ligaments of the lesser omentum

A

epiploic/ mental foramen

43
Q

What are the greater sacs in the abdomen

A

Supracolic compartment and the infra colic compartment

44
Q

What is the lesser sac in the abdomen

A

Infracolic compartment

Anatomy of the abdomen (9 decks)

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