Embryology of the abdominal viscera

Question 1

What is cephalocordal folding caused by

Answer 1

Rapid longitudinal growth of the developing nervous system

Question 2

What is transverse folding caused by

Answer 2

Rapid growth of the somites

Question 3

What does the foregut form and what are the derivative’s blood supply

Answer 3

• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Duodenum (whole of the superior part and upper half of descending part)
• Liver and extra hepatic biliary system
• Pancreas

= Coeliac trunk

Question 4

What does the midgut form and blood supply

Answer 4

• Duodenum (descending distal to major papilla, horizontal and ascending parts)
• Jejunum
• Ileum
• Caecum and appendix
• Ascending colon (proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon)

=Superior mesenteric

Question 5

What does the hindgut form and blood supply

Answer 5

• Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Upper part of anal canal

=Inferior mesenteric

Question 6

What does the dorsal mesentery do

Answer 6

Attaches the foregut, midgut and hindgut to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 7

What does the ventral mesentery do

Answer 7

Attaches foregut structures to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 8

What does the ventral mesentery form

Answer 8

Lesser omentum

Question 9

What do the vagus nerves become when entering the abdomen

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Right = Posterior vagal trunk 
Left= anterior vagal trunk

Question 10

What is the arterial blood supply of the duodenum

Answer 10

celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery