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Occlusion > introduction/ terminology articulators (complete) > Flashcards

introduction/ terminology articulators (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is occlusion?

A

the relationship between all components of the masticatory system in normal function, dysfunction, and parafunction

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2
Q

What relationships/functions/actions make up all of occlusion

A
  1. interrelationship of teeth (natural, restored, replaced)
  2. actions of the temperomandibular joint
  3. function of the muscles of mastication
  4. management of functional disorders of the masticatory system
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3
Q

What is normal force

A

normal forces exerted on teeth (bite forces)

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4
Q

In what direction are bite forces

A

perpendicular to the occlusal plane

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5
Q

how long are bite forces

A

short duration

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6
Q

What are the three levels of function

A

normal function
dysfunction
parafunction

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7
Q

what are the two forms of parafunctions

A

detrimental

accessory

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8
Q

what is normal function in unrestored natural teeth

A

smooth action of teeth against each other to triturate the food bolus

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9
Q

does normal function of unrestored teeth lead to damage

A

nope, repetitive action can continue indefinately without damage or pain

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10
Q

what is parafunction in natural teeth

A

function beyond normal function

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11
Q

what is detremental parafunction natural teeth

A

misuse (intentional or not) of teeth

  • opening things with teeth
  • bruxism
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12
Q

What is accessory parafunction of natural teeth

A

function of teeth in swallowing, respiration, speech

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13
Q

can repetitive parafunction lead to damaged teeth and pain

A 
accessory = no
detrimental = yes, leads to damage and pain
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14
Q

what is dysfunction of natural teeth

A

impaired function

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15
Q

what can cause dysfunction of natural teeth

A

deformed or damaged structures

lack of coordination of co-functioning parts

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16
Q

does repetitive dysfunction lead to damage and pain

A

yes, it does

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17
Q

what makes up ideal normal function

A
  1. smooth masticatory action
  2. no interferences
  3. no pain, fatigue
  4. no damage to functioning components
    (like a high end watch with each part working perfectly together)
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18
Q

What are examples of detrimental parafunction

A

nail biting
opening things with teeth
holding things between teeth
conscious/subconscious grinding

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19
Q

what can repetitive detrimental parafunction cause

A 
pain
fatigue
destruction of chewing apparatus
wear of dental surfaces
damage to TMJ
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20
Q

What are the parts of accesory parafunction

A

swallowing
speech
respiration
use many of the muscles involved in mastication

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21
Q

what are the six causes of parafunction

A
  1. local
  2. systemic
  3. psychological
  4. occupational
  5. involuntary
  6. voluntary
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22
Q

do you swallow often with an empty mouth? if so, what does that do for you?

A

yes you do, it clears the mouth of saliva and helps moisten the oral structures

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23
Q

What is normal function on restored teeth

A

our objective is to reach normal function, to function like it did before the tooth needed restoring

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24
Q

what is parafunction of restored teeth

A

when a restoration isn’t perfect and results in the patient “playing” with it because it isn’t even

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25
Q

what is dysfunction of restored teeth

A

when a discrepancy is beyond the capability of the patient to accommodate to it - leads to loss of function and pain

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26
Q

what are intracoronal restorations

A

fillings and inlays

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27
Q

what are extracoronal restorations

A

onlays and crowns

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28
Q

what are problems common to removable dental prosthesis

A
  1. uneven wear of dentures

2. irritation to oral and perioral tissues

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29
Q

what angle must the forces of occlusion be for implants to be durable

A

the must be directed down the long axis of the tooth

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30
Q

What are the two bones that make up the tempomandibular joint

A

temporal bone

mandible

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31
Q

what is the mandibular fossa

A

the concavity (pit) in the temporal bone where the condyle of the mandible fits

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32
Q

what is the glenoid fossa

A

the same thing as the mandibular fossa

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33
Q

what is the condyle

A

the end part of the mandible that sits inside the mandibular fossa

34
Q

what is the articular eminence

A

the protrusion on the front end of the mandibular fossa that helps to retain the mandibular condyle

35
Q

is there a meniscus/disk in the TMJ

A

yep

36
Q

are there synovial membranes in the TMJ

A

yes

37
Q

where does the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle insert

A

the anterior capsule of the meniscus/disk of the TMJ

38
Q

where does the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscles insert

A

the condyle of the mandible

39
Q

what kind of joint is the TMJ

A

ginglymoarthroidal joint

40
Q

what do the two parts of ginglymo-arthroidal mean

A 
ginglymo = hinging
arthroidal = sliding or gliding
ginglymoarthroidal = joint that hinges and glides/slides
41
Q

What class of lever is the TMJ

A

class 3 lever

42
Q

what is an example of a class 1 lever

A

seesaw

43
Q

what is an example of a class 2 lever

A

nutcracker

44
Q

what is an example of a class 3 lever

A

TMJ

45
Q

what is the fulcrum, force, and resistance of the TMJ

A 
fulcrum = condyle
force = muscles
resistance = food
46
Q

what is one unique thing about the TMJ

A

it is the only joint that functions as a pair of joints working in unison (both joints must both function correctly)

47
Q

what are the two types of movement of the TMJ

A

translation - gliding

pure rotation - hinging

48
Q

what is the position of the condyle and disk at rest? with the mouth slightly open? with the mouth opened wide

A

rest = the disk is between the condyle and the glenoid fossa
slightly open = the condyle has rotated only, the disk remains between the condyle and the glenoid fossa
fully open = the condyle rotates and translates, the disk moves with the condyle and is now between the condyle and the articular eminence

49
Q

which muscle moves the disk anteriorly with the condyle

A

the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle

50
Q

What is happening with the disk and condyle when there is an internal derangement at rest? slightly opened mouth? fully opened mouth?

A

rest - the disk isn’t between the condyle and the glenoid fossa, but anterior to it
slightly open - the dist remains in front of the condyle while the condyle rotates, but keep it from fully opening comfortably
fully open - the condyle pushes forward and the disk pops into place, often with an audible sound

51
Q

what is a subluxated mandible

A

when the condyle of the mandible slips too far foreward and goes beyond the articular eminence and become stuck foreward

52
Q

what are the 4 muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

53
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the temporalis

A 
origin = the temporal bone
insertion = coronoid process of the mandible
54
Q

what does the temporalis muscle do

A

cause the TMJ to rotate and close the mouth

55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter muscle

A 
origin = zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
insertion = angle and ramus of mandible
56
Q

what does the masseter muscle do

A

pulls up on the mandible, pressing the teeth together

57
Q

what does the lateral pterygoid do

A

depresses, protrudes the mandible. moves it side to side

58
Q

what does the medial pterygoid do

A

elevates the mandible, closes the jaw, helps moves the mandible side to side

59
Q

where do the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid insert

A 
superior = anterior surface of the disk
inferior = the mandibular condyle
60
Q

where does the medial pterygoid originate

A

medial side of lateral pterygoid and palatine bone

61
Q

where does the lateral pterygoid originate

A

great wing of sphenoid bone and pterygoid plate

62
Q

What are the different types of treatment of TMD

A

direct TMD treatment
Dental interventions
behavior modifications

63
Q

What are the two types of direct TMD treatment

A

palliative (warm, moist heat, avoidance, NSAIDS)

surgical (disc, muscles, condyle)

64
Q

what are the types of dental interventions for TMD

A

occlusal equilibration (elimination of dysfunctional interferences)
Fixed (crowns on all teeth)
removable (dentures)
implant restrained reconstructions (full or partial)

65
Q

what does behavior modification to treat TMD mean

A

elimination of dysfunctional habits

feedback and hypnosis

66
Q

How important is precision when doing restorations in a patients mouth

A

the most important

67
Q

is there a bit of physiological freedom of movement within the human masticatory system

A

yes

68
Q

if the restorations done by a dentist aren’t perfectly precise, but close, can those discrepancies be overcome by the patients ability to adapt

A

yes

69
Q

because a patient can overcome small discrepancies, does the dentist have permission to introduce interferences

A

nope

70
Q

what happens if a dentists restorations aren’t precise

A

treatments don’t stand the test of time

pain and loss of function for the patient

71
Q

what is the instrument that is an analog to the TMJ

A

the articulator

72
Q

What are the types of articulators from most simple to most complex

A 
Hinge (most simple)
Average articulators
Galetti
hanau-Mate
Semi-adjustable articulator
Fully adjustable articulator
73
Q

What is the difference between an arcon and a non-arcon

A

in an arcon style articulator the angle between the condylar inclination and the occlusal plane of the maxillary teeth remains the same between the open and closed position
in a non-arcon sytle articulator the angle between the condylar inclination and the occlusal plane of the maxillary teeth increases as you go from the open to closed position.

74
Q

what is intercondylar distance

A

the distance between the two condyles (on our articulator this is a fixed distance)

75
Q

why is a large articulator better than a smaller onw

A

because the larger articulators have their hinge axis position (in relation to the teeth) closer to the patients mandibular hinge axis position in relation (in relation to their teeth)

76
Q

why is having the articulators hinge axis position more similar to the patients mandibular hinge axis position good.

A

because it mimics the patients mouth better and will lead to more accurate restorations and fewer adjustments

77
Q

what type of articulator do we have

A

a hanau modular, semiadjustable, arcon

78
Q

what part of the articulator is the analog of the condyle of the mandible

A

the golden ball

79
Q

what is the purpose of the facebow

A

to relate the maxilla to the axis of rotation about the mandibular condyles

80
Q

on the bite fork, which way does the notch face

A

upward

81
Q

what is the function of the T-support

A

to hold the distal end of the bite fork up so that the maxillary cast can be placed on it during mounting

Occlusion (7 decks)

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