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Year 2 Parasitology > Introduction/Telodorsagia > Flashcards

Introduction/Telodorsagia Flashcards

1
Q

Define parasite

A

An organism that is dependent metabolically on another, where one organism benefits at the expense of another

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2
Q

What are the three major groups of parasites?

A

Helminths, Protozoa, Arthropods

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3
Q

What are helminths?

A

Nematodes and worms

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4
Q

What are examples of arthropods?

A

insects, arachnids

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5
Q

Describe a nematodes structure?

A

roundworms, cylindrical, range of sizes, both free living and parasitic, often with specific heads/tails

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6
Q

What is the basic anatomy of a nematode?

A

Cuticle outer layer, followed by hypodermic, muscle cells, containing fluid filled cavity- gut runs inside full length,

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7
Q

What different organs do male and female nematodes possess?

A

Females- ovary, uterus, vulva

Males- testis, vas deferens, cloaca

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8
Q

What are the different organs of a nematodes digestion system?

A

Mouth, buccal cavity, oesophagus, intestine, anus

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9
Q

In general which sex of nematode is larger?

A

Females

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10
Q

What are the two predominant species of nematodes which cause PGE?

A

Telodorsia circumcincta and trichostronglyus spp

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11
Q

What is PGE?

A

Parasitic gastroenteritis

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12
Q

Which species of Nematodes are found in the small intestine of sheep?

A

Cooperia spp, trichostrongylus

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13
Q

Which species of nematodes are found in the abomasum of sheep?

A

telodorsagia circumcincta

trichostrongylus axei

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14
Q

Name the species of nematodes found in large intestines of sheep?

A

Chabertia spp, oespgagostomum spp, trichuris spp

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15
Q

Why is the location of a nematodes within the GI tract important?

A

Important for identification and pathology

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16
Q

Where is teladorsagia circumcinta found in sheep?

A

Abomasum

17
Q

What disease does toladorsagia circumcinta cause individually, and then with other parasites?

A

Parasitic gastritis by itself

PGI with other parasites

18
Q

What is the problem with sheep being infected with telodorsagia circmcinta?

A

Limits productivity and welfare

19
Q

Describe the morphology of telodorsagia circumcincta

A

Slender, pinky brown worm, fine cervical papillae at head end in both sex

20
Q

What extra organs do male telodorsagia circumcinta posses?

A

Bursa and spicules

21
Q

Why is telodorsagia circumcinta described as direct?

A

No intermediate host

22
Q

Describe telodorsagia circumcinta eggs?

A

Barrel shaped, contain undifferentiated morula

23
Q

What is the life cycle of telodorsagia circumcinta?

A

1- larvae (L1) develops in egg
2- L1 hatches and feeds on faecal pat
3- Grows and moults to L2
4- Repeated to L3- L3 ensheathed
5- L3 released from faecal pat by rain splash
6- L3 infective stage on grass
7- Sheep eats L3 during grazing
8- burrows into gastric glands
9- develops into L4 and L5
10- L5 immature and emerges into lumen of abomasum
11- Matures to adult, mates and lays eggs

24
Q

What is the pre-patent period?

A

Patency is when the parasite reaches maturity and can be detected- producing eggs- therefore time from infection to patency

25
Q

What is the pre-patent period of telodorsagia circumcinta?

A

3 weeks

26
Q

What is the rate of development from eggs to L3 dependent on in telodorsagia circumcinta?

A

Temperature dependent

27
Q

What is parasitic gastro-enteritis associated with?

A

Large numbers of larvae- 40,000

28
Q

Why do telodorsagia cicumcinta cause deficit in protein?

A

Damage to gastric glands from developing and emerging L5 larvae, gastric glands contain acid producing parietal cells, therefore ph not maintained and pepsinogen to pepsin doesn’t occur

29
Q

What is the difference between type 1 and 2 parasitic gastro-enteritis?

A

Type 1 is in first season grazing lambs where as type 2 is in yearling animals from hypobiosed larvae

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of parasitic gastro-enteritis?

A

Profuse watery diarrhoea, weight loss, inappetence, dehydration, death

31
Q

What are the sub-clinical signs of parasitic gastro-enteritis?

A

Poor weight gain, reduced appetite, reduced feed intake, loss of plasma proteins

32
Q

When does type 2 parasitic gastro-enteritis occurs and why?

A

Late winter/early spring due to hypobiosed larvae

33
Q

What is hypobiosis and why does it occur?

A

Arrested development of larvae within host in response to trigger received by free living L3
Trigger drop in temperature
Therefore L3 hypobiose when ingested

34
Q

What endoparasites are found in the large intestine?

A

COT
Chabertia
Oesophagstomum
Trichuris

35
Q

What endoparasites are found in the small intestine?

A

NTC
Nematodirus spp
Trichostronglyus spp
Cooperia

36
Q

What endoparasites are found in the abomasum?

A

HTT
Haemonchus contortus
Telodorsagia circumcinta
Trichostrongylus axei

Year 2 Parasitology (19 decks)

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