Equine, Cattle and Other Flies Flashcards
What is the Latin name and family of the stable fly?
Name- Stomoxys calcitrans
Family- Muscidae
Sucks Blood
Where doe the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) breed and why?
breeds inside liveries, barns, stables
Eggs in dung, mixed with straw and urine, damp silage/sheltered compost heaps
What species does stomoxys calcitrans effect?
Horses and cattle but will attack others
Describe the life cycle of stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)?
Eggs layer in barn etc, become 1st, 2nd 3rd larval stage, tans and becomes pupae, emerges into adult fly
How long does it take a population of stable fly (stomoxys calcitran) to build up in summer?
Every 2-3 weeks
Where do stomoxys calcitrans rest and mate?
Warm, sun exposed surfaces- gates, posts, farm machinery
Where does the stable fly prefer to feed and what is the host response?
Prefers lower parts of animal- legs and flanks
Host responses- stamping feet, shivering the skin, rapid head turn, gadding
What can stomoxys calcitran transmit and how?
Equine infections anaemia- mechanical transmission
Describe the appaearence of hydrotaea irritans and what is the common name?
Rasping mouth parts
Orange wing base
Greenish abdomen
The Headfly
What species does hyrotaea irritans effect?
Mainly horses, cattle, sheep, man
Rabbits and deer
Describe the life cycle of hydrotaea irritans
Deposits eggs on pasture soil
Only one generation each summer in July
1st 2nd 3rd instars, pupa, adult
What is normal behaviour for hydrotaea irritans and host response?
Exophillic (doesn’t enter buildings)
Typically on wooded pasture
Most active on overcast, warm, humid days
Host response- head turn, tail swishing
What is the Latin name of the face fly and where is it found on cattle and horses?
Musca autumnalis
Eyes, muzzle and face
Describe the lifecycle of Musca autumnalis
Develops in dung on pasture
Populations build up in late autumn
What diseases can Musca autumnalis cause?
Cattle: new forest eye/pink eye
Horses and cattle- vector for eye/stomach worms
Main significance is nuisance
What are the three species non biting muscidae flies?
Hydrotea irritans- the headfly
Musca autumnalis- the face fly
Musca domestica- house fly
Is a tabanid a biting fly, what is the common name for them?
Yes
Horse fly
Describe the appearance of a tabanid
Large body, large head, bulging iridescent eyes
Stubby mouthparts- blood pool feeders
Describe the lifecycle of a tabanid
Breed in wet pasture, marshy land, edges of pons
One emergence- July/Aug
Active on sunny days
What are the two species of tabanids of importance to the UK and how do their appearance differ?
Tabanus- large with clear wings
Haematopota- mottled wings
What is the host response of tanabids and what can they be mechanical vectors of?
Host response- gadding, several often small blood meals
Vector- Equine infectious anaemia, trypanosomes, bovine anaplasmosis
What is the genus name of biting midges?
Culicoides spp
Describe the appearance of culicoides
Tiny 1-4mm
Wings brownish/black
Mottles/spots on wings
What is the normal life cycle of biting midges?
Dig a hole and feed on free blood,
eggs laid in damp compost heaps, any decaying veg, organic rich or marshy land
Eggs develop to adults in <3 weeks (love you too)
What is the significance for animals of culicoides?
Irritations can cause self inflicted lesions by rubbing
Feed in dull humid weather, very active at dawn
Some animals have seasonal recurrent allergic dermatitis (SRAD)
What diseases are cilcocides known to transmit?
Arbo viruses-
African horse sickness
Blue tongue
Schmallenberg
What is the common name for Simulium spp?
Black flies
Describe the appearance of simulium spp?
Small 1-4mm
Brownish/black stout body
Humped thorax- clear wings
What is the normal life cycle of black flies?
Lay eggs on stones in running water
Require flowing water- generation in 4 weeks
local problems near rivers and streams
How can fly control be achieved?
Insecticides- SP, ear tags, pour ons, sprays, essential oils, treatment of accommodation
Habitat and husbandry- dung removal (stomoxys/m. domestica), barriers, traps
What is the common name of gasterophilus spp?
Horse bot fly
What three species of gasterophilus are active in late summer?
Gasterophilus intestinal
Gasterophilus nasals
Gasterophilus haemorrhoidilis
What is the normal lifecycle of the gasterophilus intestinalis?
Eggs laid in late summer on inner forelegs, hocks, shoulder
Larvae burrow in tongue
moult and exit to pharynx,
moult to L2
Then cluster in oesophageal portion of stomach
Moult to L3 then remain until spring and passed in dung
What is the pathogenesis of gasterophilus species?
No great significance of disease
Large red maggot in faeces is alarming to owners
How are gasterophilus species diagnosed and controlled?
Diagnosis- larvae in faeces in spring, eggs on coat in summer
Control- removal of eggs
Anthelmintics- ivermectin, moxidectin
