Introduction - Study Questions Flashcards
Analgesia
Diminished pain perception
Tranquilization
State of tranquility and calmness in which the animal is awake, relaxed, and unconcerned about its surroundings
- animal is easily arousable and will respond to painful stimulus
Sedation
More profound CNS depression than tranquilization in which the animal is awake, sleepy, but still able to be aroused by stimulation
- minor manipulations can be performed, and aggressive animals may be easier to handle
Local analgesia (anesthesia)
Administration of a local anesthetic agent to desensitize a part of the body
- animal is not unconscious if local drugs are the only form of anesthesia provided
- chemical or manual restraint may be necessary to perform local anesthetic technique
Regional analgesia (anesthesia)
Type of local anesthesia in which specific nerve blocks are performed to desensitize a certain part of the body
General anesthesia
Drug induced, controlled, reversible loss of consciousness and sensation
- patient is not arousable by physical stimulation
- can be produced using either injectable or inhalational agents, or combos of injectable and inhalational techniques
Surgical anesthesia
Reversible loss of sensation to all or part of the body
- unconsciousness, analgesia, and hyporeflexia
- administration of drugs that depress the central and/or peripheral nervous systems
Dissociative anesthesia
Type of general anesthesia in which the animal is dissociated from its surroundings and unaware of external stimuli
- interrupt neurotransmission between the thalamocortical and limbic areas of the CNS
- animal retains some muscle rigidity (catalepsy), open eyes with palpebral reflexes and somewhat intact swallowing reflexes
What are the 5 necessary components of general anesthesia?
- unconsciousness
- amnesia
- analgesia
- immobility
- attenuation of automatic responses to noxious stimuli
An animal in Stage 2 would show what kind of signs? Is this animal consciously aware of its environment?
Characterized by delirium or involuntary excitement
Up to this point, your sophomore surgery dog has been quite stable at 1.25% isoflurane. However, when the ovarian pedicle is stretched, your dog’s heart rate and respiratory rate increase. This dog is _______
Showing signs of autonomic stimulation
Medicine wants to sedate a dog for a percutaneous liver biopsy. Will sedation be sufficient to perform this procedure? Why or why not?
No, liver is a vital organ and risk of patient moving during the procedure and causing damage/hemorrhage is too high
When queried further, medicine would prefer the dog to be unconscious, relaxed, analgesic, and nonresponsive to surgical stimulation. What term would best describe their request?
General anesthesia
What is the minimum amount of lab data that should be obtained before anesthetizing a young, healthy animal? Why is this information important?
PCV (oxygen-carrying capacity) and TP (oncotic pressure, capacity for fluid administration)
Give an example of a type of patient that would be classified with each of the ASA physical status classes 1 through 5
1: healthy patient, elective procedures
2: mild compensated disease, uncomplicated ortho injury
3: traumatized animal with significant fractures/hemorrhage, CHF, moderate hypovolemia
4: GDV, severe toxemia, respiratory distress
5: moribund patient not expected to live more than 24 hrs without surgery
What types of abnormalities should be corrected prior to the administration of anesthetic drugs?
Blood, fluid, or electrolyte deficits
- decreases anesthetic risk
What are the minimum physical exam findings that the anesthetist should be familiar with before administering anesthetic drugs?
- auscultate the heart and lungs
- note any abnormal cardiac rhythms or murmurs
- palpate a peripheral pulse and record hr
- note any abnormal lung sounds, record rr
- note color of mm and CRT
- evaluate hydration status
- note patients mentation and behavior
What information is necessary to formulate an anesthetic care plan?
- patient’s demeanor and baseline health status
- nature of procedure
- means to monitor the patient
- knowledge of potential complications associated with procedure and anesthetics
- means to treat any complications which arise
What does the designation “E” denote in a patient’s physical status?
Emergency surgery or anesthetic which must be done immediately regardless of physical status of animal
- added to any of the 5 ASA status’s
T/F: During anesthesia, consciousness may not be associated with connectedness, responsiveness, or recall
True
A dog which received a severe brain injury following a dog fight is recovering in ICU. Dog is in lateral recumbency, vocalizing, breathing spontaneously, and exhibits various reflexes (corneal and palpebral), but does not respond purposefully to touch or verbal commands. Are these signs of Connectedness, Responsiveness, or Conscious perception?
Conscious perception
- no purposeful movements = no responsiveness
- connectedness?
