Injectable Drugs/Premedication - Study Questions

Question 1

What is true about xylazine?
A: causes peripheral vasoconstriction/bradycardia
B: B receptor will increase bp by improving cardiac contractility and hr
C: DEA class 2
D: alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are safe to use in emergency cases due to minimal cardiovascular adverse effects and reversibility
E: all of the above are accurate

Answer 1

• A

Question 2

Is it a good idea to anesthetize a colt using isoflurane and a face mask?

Answer 2

No!

- sevo preferred over iso due to faster, smoother recoveries

Question 3

What is an appropriate preanesthetic med for a healthy 6 month old Italian greyhound?

Answer 3

• combo of tranquilizer (acepromazine) and mu agonist opioid (hydromorphone)
• combo of tranquilizer (acepromazine) and kappa agonist/mu antagonist opioid (butorphanol)
• combo of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and kappa agonist/mu antagonist opioid (butorphanol)

Question 4

Which of the following induction choices would be the least ideal method for a healthy dog?

• propofol
• combo of benzo and dissociative anesthetic
• mask induction using isoflurane
• alfaxalone

Answer 4

Mask induction using isoflurane

Question 5

Drugs that inhibit norepinephrine output in the brain producing sedation and analgesia

Answer 5

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (xylazine, detomidine, romifidine)

Question 6

Drugs that act in the brain by enhancing activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Answer 6

• neurosteroid anesthetic agent (alfaxalone)

- benzodiazepine tranquilizer (midazolam)

Question 7

DEA controlled substances that bind to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to prevent transmission of nociceptive information

Answer 7

Mu agonist opioid

- morphine or hydromorphine

Question 8

Drugs that act by inhibiting the excitatory neurotransmitter NMDA

Answer 8

Cyclohexamine anesthetic agent

- ketamine or tiletamine

Question 9

T/F: because sevoflurane is less potent than isoflurane, sevoflurane is considered to be a safer inhalant agent than isoflurane

Answer 9

False

- lower potency requires higher vaporizer settings to get the same anesthetic results

Question 10

Isoflurane and sevoflurane readily evaporate at _____

Answer 10

Room temperature

Question 11

Sevo is slightly less soluble in ____ than iso

Answer 11

Blood

- onset and recovery times are slightly faster with sevo than iso

Question 12

What should you do if you overdose a tranquilizer, such as acepromazine?

Answer 12

Place IV cathether and give IV fluids

- increase fluid volume, increasing SV

Question 13

What is the MAC of isoflurane in the unpremedicated dog?

Answer 13

Isoflurane MAC = 1.3-1.6%

• unpremed = 1.3X the MAC
• unpremed iso = 1.7-2.08%

Question 14

What is the MAC of sevoflurane in the unpremedicated horse?

Answer 14

2.4%

Question 15

T/F: A benzodiazepine (midazolam, diazepam), given as the sole tranquilizing agent is a good choice for sedation of a 6 mo healthy kitten before an OHE

Answer 15

False

- could cause euphoria if given alone

Question 16

Which class of drugs would you avoid that may cause diuresis?

Answer 16

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists

- causes diuresis thru ADH inhibition

Question 17

Which drug would be a poor choice to give to a well-controlled diabetic patient?

Answer 17

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

Question 18

You need to sedate an aggressive 3 yr old Quarter horse stallion. Which combo will provide reliable sedation and analgesia without producing ataxia or recumbency

Answer 18

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist xylazine, plus the opioid butorphanol

Question 19

What best describes the actions of alpha2 adrenergic agonists (xylazine, medetomidine, romifidine)

Answer 19

Act centrally to produce sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation

Question 20

Speed of onset and recovery of inhalational anesthetic drugs is inversely proportional to what properties?

Answer 20

Solubility

Question 21

MAC is inversely proportional to ______

Answer 21

Potency

- higher the MAC, the less potent the drug

Question 22

T/F: Mu agonist opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl) should not be used in animals with significant cardiovascular compromise

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What animal is the least sensitive to the effects of alpha2 adrenergic agonists?

Answer 23

Thoroughbred horse

Question 24

You have just administered the alpha 2 agonist (dexmedetomidine) to a vet patient. What best describes the expected effects of this drug?

Answer 24

Insulin inhibition, diuresis, sedation, analgesia, vasoconstriction

Question 25

Anticholinergic drugs (atropine and glycopyrrolate) decrease ______

Answer 25

Secretions and cause reduced intestinal motility

Question 26

Your patient was given ace and hydromorphone as premeds, induced with propofol, and is being maintained on iso. What drug is most associated with intraop hypotension

Answer 26

Isoflurane

Question 27

T/F: vasodilation with sevo is less than with iso for a given MAC

Answer 27

False

Question 28

T/F: loss of consciousness with inhalants is faster than with modern injectable agents

Answer 28

False