Injectable Drugs/Premedication - Study Questions Flashcards
What is true about xylazine?
A: causes peripheral vasoconstriction/bradycardia
B: B receptor will increase bp by improving cardiac contractility and hr
C: DEA class 2
D: alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are safe to use in emergency cases due to minimal cardiovascular adverse effects and reversibility
E: all of the above are accurate
- A
Is it a good idea to anesthetize a colt using isoflurane and a face mask?
No!
- sevo preferred over iso due to faster, smoother recoveries
What is an appropriate preanesthetic med for a healthy 6 month old Italian greyhound?
- combo of tranquilizer (acepromazine) and mu agonist opioid (hydromorphone)
- combo of tranquilizer (acepromazine) and kappa agonist/mu antagonist opioid (butorphanol)
- combo of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and kappa agonist/mu antagonist opioid (butorphanol)
Which of the following induction choices would be the least ideal method for a healthy dog?
- propofol
- combo of benzo and dissociative anesthetic
- mask induction using isoflurane
- alfaxalone
Mask induction using isoflurane
Drugs that inhibit norepinephrine output in the brain producing sedation and analgesia
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (xylazine, detomidine, romifidine)
Drugs that act in the brain by enhancing activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
- neurosteroid anesthetic agent (alfaxalone)
- benzodiazepine tranquilizer (midazolam)
DEA controlled substances that bind to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord to prevent transmission of nociceptive information
Mu agonist opioid
- morphine or hydromorphine
Drugs that act by inhibiting the excitatory neurotransmitter NMDA
Cyclohexamine anesthetic agent
- ketamine or tiletamine
T/F: because sevoflurane is less potent than isoflurane, sevoflurane is considered to be a safer inhalant agent than isoflurane
False
- lower potency requires higher vaporizer settings to get the same anesthetic results
Isoflurane and sevoflurane readily evaporate at _____
Room temperature
Sevo is slightly less soluble in ____ than iso
Blood
- onset and recovery times are slightly faster with sevo than iso
What should you do if you overdose a tranquilizer, such as acepromazine?
Place IV cathether and give IV fluids
- increase fluid volume, increasing SV
What is the MAC of isoflurane in the unpremedicated dog?
Isoflurane MAC = 1.3-1.6%
- unpremed = 1.3X the MAC
- unpremed iso = 1.7-2.08%
What is the MAC of sevoflurane in the unpremedicated horse?
2.4%
T/F: A benzodiazepine (midazolam, diazepam), given as the sole tranquilizing agent is a good choice for sedation of a 6 mo healthy kitten before an OHE
False
- could cause euphoria if given alone
Which class of drugs would you avoid that may cause diuresis?
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists
- causes diuresis thru ADH inhibition
Which drug would be a poor choice to give to a well-controlled diabetic patient?
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
You need to sedate an aggressive 3 yr old Quarter horse stallion. Which combo will provide reliable sedation and analgesia without producing ataxia or recumbency
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist xylazine, plus the opioid butorphanol
What best describes the actions of alpha2 adrenergic agonists (xylazine, medetomidine, romifidine)
Act centrally to produce sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation
Speed of onset and recovery of inhalational anesthetic drugs is inversely proportional to what properties?
Solubility
MAC is inversely proportional to ______
Potency
- higher the MAC, the less potent the drug
T/F: Mu agonist opioids (morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl) should not be used in animals with significant cardiovascular compromise
False
What animal is the least sensitive to the effects of alpha2 adrenergic agonists?
Thoroughbred horse
You have just administered the alpha 2 agonist (dexmedetomidine) to a vet patient. What best describes the expected effects of this drug?
Insulin inhibition, diuresis, sedation, analgesia, vasoconstriction
Anticholinergic drugs (atropine and glycopyrrolate) decrease ______
Secretions and cause reduced intestinal motility
Your patient was given ace and hydromorphone as premeds, induced with propofol, and is being maintained on iso. What drug is most associated with intraop hypotension
Isoflurane
T/F: vasodilation with sevo is less than with iso for a given MAC
False
T/F: loss of consciousness with inhalants is faster than with modern injectable agents
False
