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Functional Anatomy I > Introduction, Review of Terminology > Flashcards

Introduction, Review of Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

head facing anteriorly and in the midline, arms adjacent to the sides with palms facing forward, lower extremities close together with feel parallel and toes anteriorly

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2
Q

Sagittal (medial) plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves

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3
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into into anterior and posterior parts; perpendicular to the sagittal plane

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4
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

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5
Q

superior

A

toward the head

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6
Q

inferior

A

toward the sole of foot

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7
Q

cranial

A

toward the head

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8
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail or end of spinal column

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9
Q

anterior

A

front surface of the body

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10
Q

posterior

A

back surface of the body or nearer the back

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11
Q

medial

A

neartest to or towards the midline

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12
Q

lateral

A

farther away from the midline

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13
Q

proximal

A

nearest the point of attachment or reference point

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14
Q

distal

A

farthest away from the point of attachment or reference point

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15
Q

unilateral

A

one side of the body

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16
Q

bilateral

A

occurs on both sides of the body

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17
Q

ipsilateral

A

something occurring on the same side of the body as another structure

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18
Q

contralateral

A

something occurring on the opposite side of the body as another structure

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19
Q

synarthroses (non-synovial) joints

A

fixed or rigid; little or no movement within joints

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20
Q

diarthroses (synovial)

A

freely movable; space between the bones

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21
Q

3 types of synarthroses

A

syntosis
syndesmosis
synchondrosis

22
Q

syntosis

A

bone connected to bone

ex. skull

23
Q

syndesmosis (fibrous joints)

A

bones that connect bone via cartilage of connective fibrous; slight mobility

24
Q

synchondrosis

A

cartilage connecting bone together; separated by hyaline or fibrocartilage; permits slight to moderate movement while providing stability/mobility
ex. where the ribs meet the sternum; spine

25
Q

5 components of a synovial joint

A 
fibrous joint capsule
joint cavity
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
articular (hyaline) cartilage
26
Q

fibrous capsule

A

attaches to periosteum; ligaments may or may not be separated from the capsule; limited blood supply; highly innervated

27
Q

synovial membrane

A

secretes synovial fluid; poorly innervated; good blood supply

28
Q

Synovial joints are classified by….

A

shape of articulating surface or movements permitted

29
Q

Planar

A

two flat surfaces meeting with each other; more of a gliding motion occurring
ex. AC joint, facet joints

30
Q

hinge

A

humeroulnar - elbow, talocrural -ankle

31
Q

ball and socket

A

shoulder and hip

32
Q

bicondylar

A

most motion is going through one axis

ex. tibiofemoral (knee)

33
Q

pivot

A

radiounlar joint during pronation and supination

34
Q

saddle

A

convex on concave in one plane and concave on convex in another

35
Q

ellipsoidal

A

formed where the oval of the one bone fits into the oval cup-shaped end of another bone; allows joint movement backwards and forwards and from side to side

36
Q

uniaxial

A

motion occurs in one plane around a single axes

37
Q

biaxial

A

motion occurs in 2 planes around 2 axes

38
Q

multiaxial

A

free to move around 3 planes and 3 axes

39
Q

osteokinematics

A

the swing of the bone, gross motion controlled through active muscle contraction
ex. flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, etc.

40
Q

arthrokinematics

A

movement that occurs at the joint surfaces during the osteokinematic motion that is controlled by internal forces
ex. roll, glide, or slide

41
Q

concave on convex

A

when the convex surface is fixed and the concave surface is moving on it, roll and glide occur in the same direction
ex. tibiofemoral joint (knee) - tibia is moving anteriorly and gliding anteriorly

42
Q

convex on concave

A

when the concave surface is fixed and the convex surface is moving on it, roll and glide occur in the opposite direction
ex. glenohumeral joint (shoulder) - roll anteriorly and glides posteriorly

43
Q

active range of motion

A

movement of a joint through unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint

44
Q

limitations of AROM

A 
restricted joint mobility
weakness
decreased muscle length
pain
injury to an area
unwillingness to move
inability to follow instructions
45
Q

Look for these in AROM

A

quality of movement
compensations/substitutions
amount of movement
patient reaction

46
Q

passive range of motion

A

movement that occurs within unrestricted range of the joint and is produced entirely by an external force

47
Q

PROM contraindications

A

fracture or dislocation
immediately following surgery
presence of myositis ossificans

48
Q

end feel

A

quality of resistance to movement that an examiner feels at the end of a passive movement

49
Q

normal end feels

A

bony approximation
tissue stretch
soft tissue approximation

50
Q

abnormal end feels

A

empty - end feel that is limited due to pain
bony
capsular - tissue stretch before normal end range
springy block - feels like something is stuck in the joint
spasm/hard - hard end feel, no bone area

51
Q

stabilization

A

helps provide isolated movement at the joint being tested

Functional Anatomy I (3 decks)

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