Introduction PPT

Question 1

What is Genetics?

Answer 1

the study of heredity and variation

Question 2

Structurally cells are of two basic types. What are they?

Answer 2

They are eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 3

What is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Answer 3

The fundamental unit of heredity is the gene

Question 4

Genetic information is carried in the macromolecules called?

Answer 4

DNA and RNA

Question 5

Where the genes are located?

Answer 5

Genes are located on chromosomes

Question 6

What is the Central Dogma of Biology?

Answer 6

Central Dogma of Biology states genetic info is transferred from
DNA-> mRNA -> protein

Question 7

Difference between genetic make up of an organism vs physical expression

Answer 7

Genotype vs Phenotype

Question 8

What is the fundamental macromolecule of DNA?

Answer 8

nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 9

DNA is composed of subunits called

Answer 9

Nucleotides

Question 10

DNA nucleotide consists of 3 parts?

Answer 10

(1) phosphate group
(2) pentose sugar —-> deoxyribose (name)
(3) nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine)

Question 11

What is the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA?

Answer 11

It’s the sugar phosphate backbone, which connects one nucleotide of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group to another nucleotide in the row

Question 12

What are the Nitrogenous (N) bases of DNA?

Answer 12

They are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C)

Question 13

What is the meaning of antiparallel strand?

Answer 13

When strands are antiparallel, it means that they run in opposite directions 5’ – 3’ strand and 3’ – 5’ strand.

Question 14

What is the meaning of complementary strand in DNA?

Answer 14

The complementary strand in DNA means that A = T and C = G (complementary base pairing).

Question 15

How the base pairs are connected to each other?

Answer 15

The base pairs are connected to each other with the help of

Hydrogen bonding.

Question 16

How many H bonds do we have A = T vs C = G for DNA

Answer 16

We have 2 hydrogen bonds for A = T and 3 hydrogen bonds C = G
in DNA.

Question 17

What are the purines?

Answer 17

The purines are Adenine and Guanine with 2 rings

Question 18

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 18

The pyrimidines are the one rings: Cytosine and Thymine (in DNA); 
and Uracil (in RNA)

Question 19

Different versions of genes are called

Answer 19

Alleles.

Question 20

What is the nucleotide of RNA?

Answer 20

(1) phosphate group
(2) pentose sugar (ribose)
(3) nitrogenous base, but Uracil replaces Thymine

Question 21

Proteins are made of? (continue on my own)

Answer 21

Proteins are made of amino acids

Question 22

What is the general structure of amino acid? (Hint: 3 parts)

Answer 22

(1) amino group
(2) carboxyl group
(3) side chain

Question 23

The side chain determines what?

Answer 23

The chemical properties of amino acid

Question 24

The protein is made up of?

Answer 24

20 different amino acids

Question 25

The order of amino acids determines what?

Answer 25

The order of amino acids determines the type of protein and its 3D structure

Question 26

What are the levels of protein structure?

Answer 26

primary s-re, secondary s-re, tertiary s-re and quaternary s-re

Question 27

DNA packed into chromosomes found in?

Answer 27

The nucleus

Question 28

How is DNA condensed?

Answer 28

In humans, DNA condensed using histone proteins and chromatin. This means that histone proteins take the DNA and wrap it up, decreasing the length of DNA.

Question 29

What is the genome?

Answer 29

Genome is the entire set of chromosomes in each cell of an organism

Question 30

What are the homologous chromosomes (homologs)?

Answer 30

Homologs are chromosomes that contain the same set of genes, but have different alleles for some genes

Question 31

What is biparental inheritance?

Answer 31

Biparental inheritance is a type of inheritance where the progeny inherits a maternal and a paternal allele for one gene. The progeny gets 23 chromosomes from each parent, which is total 46 chromosomes.

Question 32

Cell division that maintains chromosome number is termed?

Answer 32

Mitosis

Question 33

Cell division that decreases chromosome number by half is termed?

Answer 33

Meiosis

Question 34

Haploid vs Diploid

Answer 34

Haploid - State of a cell with one copy of each chromosome. Human gametes have one copy of 23 chromosomes. Diploid - State of a cell with 2 copies of homologous chromosomes, which is total 46 chromosomes.

Question 35

What is loci (locus)

Answer 35

Loci (locus) is the specific location of the gene

Question 36

What is karyotype?

Answer 36

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism

Question 37

What is Transmission genetics?

Answer 37

studies basic principles of heredity- how traits are passed from one generation to the next. -Focus- individual organism

Question 38

What is the Molecular genetics?

Answer 38

It's the chemical nature of the gene itself. Replication, transcription and translation, gene regulation

Question 39

What is Population genetics?

Answer 39

Population genetics - explores the genetic composition of groups of indiv. members of same species and how that changes over time and space.

Question 40

Genes vs Allele difference

Answer 40

Genes determine the letter from the alphabet. But the allele specifies whether the letter is uppercase (A) or lowercase (a)

Question 41

Haploid

Answer 41

an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (1n)

Question 42

Diploid

Answer 42

an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number (2n)