Introduction - Origins Flashcards
Egypt’s most famous rock art site _____, meaning ‘Painted Valley’ is located in the south west of the country at the western edge of the Gilf Kebir (Great Plateau) close to the Libyan border.
Wadi Sura
Its popular name is the ‘____’ which featured prominently in a major western movie, ‘The English Patient’ some years ago.
Cave of Swimmers
The ______ script was one of the writing systems used by ancient Egyptians to represent their language
Egyptian hieroglyphic
(Egyptian hieroglyphic) Because of their pictorial elegance, Herodotus and other important Greeks believed that Egyptian hieroglyphs were something sacred, so they referred to them as ‘_____’.
Holy writing
Hiero (Greek)
holy
Glypho (Greek)
writing
In the ancient Egyptian language, hieroglyphs were called _____, ‘the gods’ words’ as it was believed that writing was an invention of the gods.
Medu netjer
Signatures and insignia of royal families and deities were represented through hieroglyphs inscribed on stones called _____
Cartouche
_____ is the term used in Egyptian history in order to depict the meanings in the form of symbols.
Heiroglyph
Egyptian hieroglyphs are read either in columns from top to bottom or in rows from the right or from the left The script was composed of three basic types of signs:
Logograms
Phonograms
Determinatives
representing words
Logograms
representing sounds
Phonograms
placed at the end of the word to help clarify its meaning
Determinatives
Types of Ancient Egyptian Writing
Hieroglyphs
Hieratic
Demotic
____ was one of the earliest systems of writing, invented by Sumerians in ancient Mesopotamia.
Cuneiform
It is distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. The system consists of a combination of _____, ______, and
_______.
logophonetic
consonantal alphabetic
syllabic signs
The two main languages written in Cuneiform are ______ and ______ although more than a dozen others are recorded.
Sumerian
Akkadian (from ancient Iraq)
This tablet contains both a cuneiform inscription and a unique map of the Mesopotamian world. _____ is shown in the center (the rectangle in the top half of the circle), and Assyria, Elam and other places are also named.
Babylon
The central area is ringed by a circular waterway labelled “_____.” The outer rim of the sea is surrounded by what were probably originally eight regions, each indicated by a triangle, labelled “Region” or “Island,” and marked with the distance in between. The cuneiform text describes these regions, and it seems that strange and mythical beasts as well as great heroes lived there, although the text is far from complete.
Salt-sea
Ancient cave paintings that date back to _____ are perhaps the very first recorded written communication. However, formal writing is said to have been developed by the Sumerians at around ______
20,000 B.C.
3,500 B.C.
Typography - from the Greek words ___ = form and ____ = writing
typos, graphe
line spacing
Leading
adjusting the spaces between groups of letters
Tracking
adjusting the space between pairs of letters
Kerning
also known as font family, is a set of one or more fonts each composed of glyphs that share common design features. Each font of a typeface has a specific weight, style, condensation, width, slant, italicization, ornamentation, and designer or foundry.
Typeface
Refers to perception
is primarily the concern of the typeface designer, to ensure that each individual character or glyph is unambiguous and distinguishable from all other characters in the font. Is also in the part the concern of the typographer to select a typeface with appropriate clarity of design for the intended use at the intended size.
Legibility
Refers to comprehension
is primarily the concern of the typographer or information designer and the intended result of the complete process of presentation of textual material in order to communicate
Readability
is the process of forming letters, numerals, and the other characters in technical drawing.
Technical lettering
One of the more painful looking typography out there, this is just as it sounds. People create letters by using clothes spins to hold the shape pf the letters in the skin. One can only wonder how this bizarre typogrpahy was imagined.
Pinched-skin Typography
Strange jewelry is always popular with celebrities, so it’s no surprise that typography has become a jewelry form. This style includes beautifully curved letters craftred from metal and glued together pieces of paper with typography on them forming necklace.
Jewelry Typography
The entire font is made by bending jockstraps into letters. This typography is probably one of the most inventive ways of using undergarments for art.
Jockstrap Typography
The creator of this unique font, Jockstrap Typography, is ____, a graphic designer who obviously has a quiet sense of humor.
Pier Gustafson
Cutting your beard into letters and numbers is quiet a challenge but it most certainly makes you the cetner of attention.
Beard Typography
This typography is made out of aerial shots taken from Google maps. It must have taken hours of searching to come up with landscapes that were in the right shape to create this font. This typography is a little hard to read but it is a good example of creativity and persistence.
Google Map Typography
This font features handbags and shoes of high fashion and disembodied limbs. Even with all the wonderful fashion, this font comes across a little creepy. The creator must have been going for surrealism.
Fashion Typography
This alphabet is made entirely out of cartoon rabbit women, posing provocatively. The typography is interesting in that it uses colors to ser the feel of energy and excitement. It’s in a very usual style, leaving off the main torso and hips.
Risque Rabbit Alphabet
Not only is this font made out of actual dead animals, it swaps the body pieces. Snakes with mouseheads and lizards with crows feet are typical of this typography, which can only be described as disturbingly creative.
Taxidermy Text
This alphabet has grown in popularity, despite being a little bizarre. The letters all consist of lips-complete with red lipsticks and tongues - hooked to round fleshy letters. It appears erotic at first, but you may find it down right creepy after a while.
Naughty Alphabet
A typography made out of the guts of fish. Aside from being a little gross, typography out of raw meat is not a new thing but is still pretty bizarre especially out of fish.
Fish guts typography
Monumental Inscriptions
Hieroglyphs
Official documents
Hieratic
Quick ntoes, unofficial letters, etc.
Demotic
Engineering drawings use a ______ script, formed by a series of short strokes.
Gothic sans-serif
Lower case letters are rare in most drawings of ____.
Machines
Importance of letters
- They add other information which the regular orthographic and pictorial drawings cannot show.
- They make up the written language of the industry
- They record ideas
- They have transmit ideas.
- They facilitate communication.
is done without the assistance of tools.
Freehand lettering
is donewusing tools such as lettering guides, templates, or using a small mechanical pantograph.
Mechanical lettering
A phantograph referred to by the ________ trademark “____”
Keuffel and Esser, Leroy
are lettered with computer-aieded design software.
Modern Drawings
used when the spaced lettering is adequate
Normal
letters ar wider than normal letters and are used when the space is wider.
Extended
letters are narrower than normal letters and are used when the space is limited.
Compresssed/Condensed
Spacing and composition of letters
- Space between letters combined into words should be arranged so that the areas are made to optically appear more or less equal.
- Space between words should be qual to or greater but not more than twice the height of the letter.
- Space between sentences should be greater than but nor not more than twice the height of the letters.
- Space between lines is 3/5 of the total height of letters.
Guidelines in letterings
Vertical guidelines
Horizontal guidelines
Inclined guideliens
