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Typography > Anatomy of Typeface > Flashcards

Anatomy of Typeface Flashcards

1
Q

The part of the letter that extends above the x height of a font as seen in l h f t h d and b.

is a vertical stroke that extends upwards, over the x-height.

A

Ascender

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2
Q

A closed curved stroke as seen in b d o p q D O P Q and B which has two ____.

is a stroke that creates an enclosed curved space, like in the letters d, b, o, D and B.

A

Bowl

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3
Q

The end of an instroke or outstroke that does not include a serif.

When a letter doesn’t have a serif, the end of a stroke is called _____.

A

Terminal

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4
Q

Short, descending portion of a letter, as seen on a K, R and Q.

A portion of a letter that extends downwards, attatched at one and free at the other.

A

Leg

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5
Q

A short stroke connecting to other strokes, such as the stroke of an A H f or t.

A

Crossbar

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6
Q

A style of decorative stroke at the end of the arm of a letter, such as a capital T and E.

A

Break

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7
Q

A serif at the top of an ascender.

A

Head Serif

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8
Q

A closed area of negative space (white space) formed by straight and/or curved strokes.

A

Closed Counter

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9
Q

is the enclosed space in letters like o, b, d, and a. Are also created by bowls.

A

Counter

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10
Q

is a horizontal stroke in letters like A, H, e and f

A

Bar

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11
Q

is a short line added at the beginning and the end of strokes. Are what make a typeface a serif or a sans serif.

A

Serif

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12
Q

An open area of negative space (white space) formed by straight and/or curved strokes in letters such as c f h i s m and n. Also known as an open counter.

A

Aperture

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13
Q

An open area of negative space (white space) formed by straight and/or curved strokes in letters such as c f h i s m and n. Also known as aperture

A

Open Counter

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14
Q

The main curved stroke of an S.

A

Spine

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15
Q

Detail at the ends of some strokes, also known as a serif.

A

Foot

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16
Q

A longer horizontal stroke at the top or bottom of a letter such as an E or F.

A

Arm

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17
Q

An acute inside angle where two strokes meet seen on characters such as v w and y.

A

Crotch

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18
Q

A serif extending across both sides of a letter’s main stroke.

A

Bilateral Serif

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19
Q

A stroke connecting the top and bottom bowls of a lowercase double story g.

A

Link/Neck

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20
Q

The very short stroke at the top of a g.

A

Ear

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21
Q

The closed counter in a lowercase e.

A

Eye

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22
Q

The stroke which drops below the baseline, as seen in q y p g and j.

A

Descender

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23
Q

A short horizontal stroke such as the middle stroke of an E or F.

A

Bar

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24
Q

The thinnest stroke of a letterform common to serif typefaces.

A

Hairline

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25
Q

The main area of lowercase letters between the baseline and x-height.

A

Body

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26
Q

The dot on a lowercase i or j.

A

Tittle

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27
Q

A small projection off a main stroke.

A

Spur

28
Q

A tapered, surved end seen on letters such as c e and a.

A

Finial

29
Q

A trailing/descending outstroke as in j y J Q and R.

A

Tail

30
Q

The bottom of a two-story g.

A

Loop

31
Q

A stroke added as a stop to the beginning and end of the main strokes of a character.

A

Serif

32
Q

The disparity between thick and thin strokes that alters and optical perception.

A

Stress

33
Q

The main, vertical, full length stroke of an upright letterform. Also known as a stroke.

A

Stem

34
Q

The line that indicates the highest point that any character with an ascender ( a stroke that rises above the mean line) can reach.

A

Ascender line

35
Q

The line the indicates the highest point of any capital uppercase character.

A

Cap Height

36
Q

The ____ determines the height of the majority of lowercase letters within a typeface. If there are varying heights in the lowercae letters, then this is usally based on lowercase x. This is where the x-height comes from the x-height is the height of the main body of a lowercase character, the distance between the baseline and _______.

A

Meanlines and X Height

37
Q

is an invisibile line upon which all the characters sit. It’s possible for certain characters, such as letters round bottoms for example, to protrude slightly below this line, but not in any significant manner.

A

Baseline.

38
Q

is a guideline for any shape that has a stroke drops below the baseline such as a lowercase g.

A

Descender

39
Q

A point at the top of the character where two strokes meet.

A

Apex

40
Q

Any angled stroke on a character

A

Diagonal Stroke

41
Q

Two adjacent vowel characters which have been merged to one character. When spoken these would produce a unique sound.

A

Dipthong

42
Q

A symbol that represents a readable character within an agreed set of sybols: characters, punctuation etc.

A

Glyph

43
Q

Two or more characters that are merged into one character or glyph (for consonants). Often used interchangeably with dipthong.

A

Ligature

44
Q

The smaller collection of characters in a typeface.

A

Lowercase

45
Q

A curved stroke which starts on a stem.

A

Shoulder

46
Q

Uppercase characters which have been reduced in size, usually contained within the x-height.

A

Small Caps

47
Q

A mark made with a drawing tool to form part of a character.

A

Stroke

48
Q

A group of characters used to begin sentence and proper nouns. Also known as capital letters.

A

Uppercase

49
Q

The height of the main body of a lowercase letter.

A

x-Height

50
Q

A set of one or more fonts, in one or more sizes, designed with stylistic unity.

A

Typefaces

51
Q 
These are families of fonts:
Berlin Sans FB Demi
Franklin Gothic
Gil Sans
Arial
A

Typefaces

52
Q 
These are variations of a typeface:
Arial
Arial black
Arial narrow
Arial rounded mt bold
A

Font

53
Q
  • Formed the way scribes held their pens in the late 1400s
  • Most readable because they were meant for long lines of text
  • Warm and graceful
A

Old Style

54
Q

Industrial revolution = mechanical point of view

Old style typefaces were becoming obsolete

Elegant but severe and cold

Not very readable

A

Modern

55
Q

All characters occupy the same amount of horizontal space, as printed by a typewriter

Industrial revolution = advertising

Advertising needed thick typefaces

Thickening the modern typefaces made it impossible to read

Thickened the serifs instead

Mostly Egyptian names because archeology was the in thing due to finding the rosetta stone

A

Slab serif

56
Q

Most slab serifs are called _____ because it epitomizes the letterform

A

Clarendons

57
Q

is French for without.

A

Sans

58
Q

in 1816 _______created the 2-line Egyptian where he removed the serifs because he hated them. Not an instant hit.

A

William Caslon

59
Q

The Bauhaus motto “______” stripped typefaces to their bare essentials

A

form follows function

60
Q

form follows function

A

Futura

61
Q

Large x-height creates a presence

A

Sans Serif

62
Q

Emulates handwriting

Classy and formal

In the 1400s only the rich could afford books

Books were made by scribes who wrote in script

A

Script

63
Q

Enhances a theme

Not meant for anything but for decoration

Not to be used as text

Adds punch to a publication

Creates a look or emphasizes content

If overused, it can destroy a design

A

Decorative

64
Q

Rules of traditional typography were demolished

Users became more interested in typefaces and many manipulated their own

distorted, deliberately trashed

also called fringe, grunge, garage, deconstructed, lawless

A

Distressed

65
Q

is a decorative element available in font format.

can be graphic elements such as squares, triangles, hearts, checkmarks, pinwheels, lightning bolts, arrows or stars.

can also be small illustrations of anything you can imagine: a pointing finger, a pencil, a pair of scissors.

A

Dingbats

Typography (3 decks)

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