INTRODUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STAT

Question 1

When dealing with an enormous amount of
information, it is all too easy to become overwhelmed.

Answer 1

Organize Data

Question 2

Think about what happens when researchers
collect a great deal of information about a group of people (for
example, the Philippines Census).

Answer 2

Describe data

Question 3

Is a characteristic or condition that can change or
take on different values.

Answer 3

variable

Question 4

is selected to represent the population in a research study. The goal is to use the results obtained from the sample to help answer questions about the
population.

Answer 4

Sample

Question 5

(Such as class size) consist of indivisible
categories, and continuous variables (such as time or
weight) are infinitely divisible into whatever units a researcher
may choose. For example, time can be measured to the
nearest minute, second, half-second, etc.

Answer 5

Discrete Variables

Question 6

Are procedures used to summarize, organize, and make sense of a set of scores or observations.
- typically presented graphically, in tables, or a summary

Answer 6

Descriptive Statistics

Question 7

To define the units for a continuous variable, a researcher
must use _______________ which are boundaries located exactly
half-way between adjacent categories.

Answer 7

Real limits

Question 8

The process of measuring a variable requires a set of
categories called a ______________ and a process that classifies each individual into one
category.
- Are rules for how the properties of numbers can change with different uses

Answer 8

Scale of measurement

Question 9

4 types of measurement scale

Answer 9

Nominal Scale
Ordinal Scale
Interval Scale
Ratio Scale

Question 10

Is an unordered set of categories
identified only by name.

Answer 10

Nominal Scale

Question 11

Is an ordered set of categories.
Ordinal measurements tell you the direction of
difference between two individuals.

Answer 11

Ordinal Scale

Question 12

is an ordered series of equal-sized categories.

Answer 12

Interval Scale

Question 13

is an interval scale where a value of zero indicates
none of the variable.
a quantitative scale where there is a true zero and equal intervals between neighboring points

Answer 13

Ratio Scale

Question 14

is to determine whether
there is a relationship between two variables and to describe
the relationship.
- simply observes the two variables as
they exist naturally.

Answer 14

Correlational study

Question 15

is to demonstrate a
cause-and-effect relationship between two
variables; that is, to show that changing the value of
one variable causes changes to occur in a second
variable.

Answer 15

experiment

Question 16

are procedures used that allow researchers to infer or generalize observations made with samples to the larger population from which they were selected

Answer 16

Inferential Statistics

Question 17

The set of all individuals, items, or data of interest; this is the group scientists will generalize

Answer 17

Population

Question 18

a characteristic (usually numeric) that describes a population

Answer 18

population parameter

Question 19

a set of individuals, items, or data selected from a population of interest

Answer 19

sample

Question 20

a characteristic that describes a sample

Answer 20

sample statistics

Question 21

a set of systematic techniques used to acquire. modify, and integrate knowledge concerning observable and measurable phenomena

Answer 21

research method/ scientific method

Question 22

a random procedure used to ensure that participants in a study have an equal chance of being assigned to a particular group or condition

Answer 22

random assignment

Question 23

variable that is manipulated in an experiment; remains unchanged between conditions being observed in an experiment

Answer 23

independent variables

Question 24

variable that is measured in each group of a study, and is believed to change in the presence of the independent variable

Answer 24

dependent variables

Question 25

description of some observable event in terms of the specific process or manner by which it was observed or measured

Answer 25

operational definition

Question 26

a preexisting variable that is often a characteristic inherent to an individual, which differentiates the groups or conditions being compared in research study

Answer 26

Quasi- Independent Variable