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T&L > Introduction of chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction of chemistry Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the classification of matter based on physical state?
A

Solid, liquid, gas.

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2
Q
  1. What is the charge of an electron?
A

Negative.

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3
Q
  1. How many basic parts does an atom consist of?
A

Three - electrons, protons, neutrons.

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4
Q
  1. What is a compound made of?
A

Two or more elements chemically bonded.

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5
Q
  1. What is the smallest particle of a compound called?
A

Molecule.

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6
Q
  1. Give an example of a mixture.
A

Brine, sugar in water (syrup), cereal in milk.

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7
Q
  1. What does the atomic number of an element represent?
A

Number of protons per atom.

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8
Q
  1. Define electrovalent bonding.
A

Ionic bonding - transfer of ions between atoms.

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9
Q
  1. When does covalent bonding occur?
A

When atoms share electrons.

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10
Q
  1. What is a polar covalent bond characterized by?
A

Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms.

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11
Q
  1. Define hydrogen bonding.
A

Strong attraction between molecules with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electron-withdrawing atom.

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12
Q
  1. Name the building blocks of all matter.
A

Elements.

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13
Q
  1. What is the chemical constitution of matter based on?
A

Elements, compounds, or mixtures.

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14
Q
  1. What is the charge of a proton?
A

Positive.

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15
Q
  1. How is hydrogen and oxygen in water classified?
A

Elements.

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16
Q
  1. What is the charge of a neutron?
A

Neutral (charge of zero).

17
Q
  1. What is the composition of an element?
A

Atoms with the same atomic number.

18
Q
  1. What is a compound composed of?
A

Two or more chemically bonded elements.

19
Q
  1. What does a molecule consist of?
A

Chemical bonding of two or more atoms.

20
Q
  1. Define a mixture.
A

Material that can be separated by physical means into two or more substances.

21
Q
  1. Explain the significance of the atomic number.
A

Represents the number of protons per atom.

22
Q
  1. Describe covalent bonding.
A

Atoms share electrons, common in non-metal bonding.

23
Q
  1. What characterizes a non-polar covalent bond?
A

Equal sharing of electrons between atoms.

24
Q
  1. What is the strength of a hydrogen bond compared to a covalent bond?
A

5% to 10%.

25
Q
  1. How does hydrogen bonding affect the properties of water and ice?
A

Significant impact.

26
Q
  1. What process involves breaking hydrogen bonds in DNA?
A

“Unzipping” of DNA.

27
Q
  1. What is the classification of matter based on chemical constitution?
A

Element, compound, mixture.

28
Q
  1. What is the composition of a molecule?
A

Two or more chemically bonded atoms.

29
Q
  1. What is the primary unit of matter?
30
Q
  1. How can a mixture be separated?
A

By physical means into individual substances.

T&L (9 decks)

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