Introduction of anatomy of lungs and blood supply Flashcards
Name 4 functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
Acid base balance
Protection from infection
Communication via speech
What prevents gas build up in the circulation?
The net volume of oxygen exchanged in the lungs per unit time is equal to the net volume exchanged in the tissues.
(Same applies for C02)
What is the average volume of oxygen exchanged per minute?
250ml
What is average volume of carbon dioxide exchanged per minute?
200ml
What is the normal respiratory rate?
What can this increase to during exercise (at max)?
10-20
40-45
Aspirated foreign bodies commonly lodge in which bronchi?
Right bronchi
What is the branching of the trachea?
The trachea branches into right and left bronchi
Right bronchi branches into 3 main bronchi
Left bronchi branches into 2 main bronchi
The right and left branch a total of 22 times
Where is resistance greatest in the respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract due to the smaller surface area
What is the surface area of the alveoli?
80cm2
What type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract?
Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the progression of the lining of the respiratory tract as it moves from nose to alveoli?
Epithelium becomes more squamous
Cilia is lost
Mucous cells are lost (before cilia)
What is the function of mucous?
To trap bacteria and particles
Moistens air
Provides large surface area for cilia to act on
What type of cells does mucous contain?
Goblet cells
Also subepithelial glands
what is the blood supply of the lungs?
the pulmonary and bronchial circulations
pulmonary circulation = right and left pulmonary arteries
bronchial circulation = bronchial arteries (origionate from systemic circulation)
