Introduction. Embryology:Clinic Relevance and Historicial Perspective Flashcards
From a single cell to a baby in 9 months—a developmental process that represents an amazing integration of increasingly complex phenomena.
Embryology
Includes investigations of the molecular, cellular, and structural factors contributing to the formation of an organism.
Embryology
The process of progressing from a single cell through the period of establishing organ primordia (the first 8 weeks of human development)
Period of embryogenesis ( sometimes called the period of organogenesis)
The period from embryogenesis until birth is called
Fetal period
A time when differentiation continues while the fetus grows and gains weight.
Fetal period
What approach dominated early investigations of embryology?
Anatomical
What studies were used by scientists to make comparison among species?
Comparative and evolutionary studies
Study of the embryological origins and causes for these birth defects
Teratology
What century did the field of experimental embryology blossomed?
20th century
What approach were devised to trace cells during development to determine cell lineages?
- observations of transparent embryos from tunicates that contained pigmented cells which could be visualized through a microscope.
What provided the first insights into signaling between tissues?
Grafting experiments
Posterior signaling region
Zone of polarizing activity (ZPA)
Signaling molecule
SONIC HEDGEHOG (SHH)
drug that was given as an antinauseant and sedative to pregnant women
thalidomide
Limbs in which one or more limbs was absent
Amelia
lacking the long bones such that only a hand or food was attached to the torso
Phocomelia
Who are the two clinicians that recognized the association between drug and birth defects and showed the conceptus was vulnerable to maternal factors that crossed the placenta?
W. Lenz and W. McBride
