gametogenesis Flashcards
- Why do cells undergo gametogenesis?
a. To migrate from the yolk sac toward the gonads
b. To increase the number of cells during migration
c. To form the zygote
d. To prepare for fertilization
D
All four daughter cells develop into mature gametes.
a. Oocyte
b. Genetic variability
c. Spermatocyte
d. Crossover
C
A structural chromosome abnormality that is caused by the deletion of chromosome
____, that has a cat-like cry, microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, and heart problems.
a. 5; Angelman Syndrome
b. 3; Cri-du-chat Syndrome
c. 5; Cri-du-chat Syndrome
d. 3; Prader-Willi Syndrome
C
How is the genetic sex of an individual determined based on chromosomes inherited from the parents?
a. By a number of autosomes inherited
b. By the combination of sex chromosomes (XX, for female, XY for male)
c. By the traits carried on the autosomes only
d. By the total number of chromosomes inherited
B
Which statement is correct about oogenesis?
a. It occurs during puberty in females.
b. Abnormalities in oocytes are most common.
c. It occurs before birth.
d. It occurs during fertilization.
C
A condition in which eye defects such as microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma are common manifestations of this condition.
a. Turner Syndrome
b. Klinefelter Syndrome
c. Trisomy 18
d. Trisomy 13
D
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Spermatogenesis is the process of spermermaids maturing into sperm cells,
while spermiogenesis is the entire process of producing sperm cells.
b. Spermiogenesis refers to the complete process of sperm cell production, while spermatogenesis is the first maturation stage.
c. Spermatogenesis involves the complete production of sperm cells, while spermiogenesis refers to the final maturation of spermatids into sperm cells.
d. Spermiogenesis and spermatogenesis both refer to the same process of sperm cell production.
C
During which stage of follicle maturation does a surge in luteinizing hormone stimulate preovulatory growth?
a. Primordial follicle
b. Primary or preantral follicle
c. Vesicular or antral follicle
d. Mature vesicular or graafian follicle
D
It is the X-like structure formation as separation occurs during crossover, points of interchange are temporarily united.
a. Synapsis
b. Germ cells
c. Chiasma
d. Polar bodies
C
After the total number of germ cells in the ovary is reached, and cell death happens with most Oogonia and Primary Oocytes become atretic. These are the remaining Primary Oocytes that are still surrounded by follicular epithelial cells.
a. Follicular Cells
b. Primordial Germ Cells
c. Growing Follicle
d. Primordial Follicle
D
This type of cell emerges from spermatogonial stem cells, and their production marks the initiation of spermatogenesis.
a. Type A Spermatogonia
b. Type B Spermatogonia
c. Primary Spermatocytes
d. Secondary Spermatocytes
A
A result of mutation that may occur in a somatic cell wherein there is more than one genetically distinct cell line.
a. Gene Variation
b. Mosaicism
c. Congenital malformations
d. Phenylketonuria
B
A genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acid methionine.
a. Homocystinuria
b. Galactosemia
c. Phenylketonuria
d. Hypermethioninemia
A
Characteristics that are differentially expressed depending upon whether the genetic material is inherited from the mother or the father are examples of
a. Angelman Syndrome
b. Miller-Dieker Syndrome
c. Genomic Imprinting
d. Contiguous Gene Syndromes
C
Among its characteristics is that it is the genetic abnormality that is 2nd in causing intellectual disabilities right after Down syndrome?
a. Fragile Y syndrome
b. Fragile X syndrome
c. CGG repeat
d. Xq27
B
Which statement is incorrect about Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)?
a. IndividualswithDownsyndromehaveanincreasedchanceofdeveloping
leukemia, infections, thyroid dysfunction, and premature aging.
b. TheriskofDownsyndromeincreaseswithmaternalage.
c. IndividualswithDownsyndromeoftenhaveupwardslantingeyes,
epicanthal folds, and a flat face.
d. Downsyndromeisageneticdisorderthataffectsonlymales.
D
Which of the following statements best describes the technique of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and its applications?
a. FISH is a technique used primarily for sequencing entire genomes using fluorescent markers.
b. FISH involves the use of specific RNA probes to identify gene expression levels in different tissues.
c. FISH utilizes specific DNA probes to detect and locate DNA sequences on chromosomes, making it useful for identifying chromosomal abnormalities such as ploidy and microdeletions.
d. FISH is a method used to amplify DNA sequences in a sample, similar to PCR, but with fluorescent labeling for easier visualization.
C
The surge in the hormone _____ during oogenesis signifies the end of ________, wherein the primary oocyte differentiates into a secondary oocyte and first polar body hours before ovulation.
a. Luteinizing hormone; cytokinesis
b. Progesterone; Meiosis II
c. Luteinizing hormone; Meiosis I
d. Estrogen. Fertilization
C
What phase do the chromatids migrate to opposite poles?
a. Anaphase
b. Telophase
c. Metaphase
d. Prophase
A
What abnormality usually results from chromosome breakage?
a. Structural abnormalities
b. Trisomy 21(down syndrome)
c. Turner syndrome
d. Klinefelter syndrome
A
