Introduction: Biology Today

Question 1

Biology is ____

Answer 1

the scientific study of life

Question 2

Recorded observations are called ____

Answer 2

Data ( is the items of information on which scientific inquiry is required)

Question 3

Why can science neither prove nor disprove that ghosts, deities, or spirits cause storms, eclipses, or illnesses?

Answer 3

Because science depends on verifiable data and hence distinguishes itself from supernatural beliefs. Such explanations aren’t measurable.

Question 4

Jane Godall

Answer 4

spent decades observing and recording behaviour of chimpanzees in the jungles of Tanzania

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

it is a tentative answer to a question or a proposed explanation to a set of observations.

Question 6

What is a theory?

Answer 6

it is a comprehensive explanation supported by abundant evidence

Question 7

What are the properties/attributes of life?

Answer 7

1. Order/ Organisation
2. Regulation( adjustment of the organism to the changing environment)
3. Growth + development( DNA controls growth and development)
4. Energy processing / Metabolism
5. Response to external stimuli( Venus fly trap responds to an insect touching it’s sensory hairs)
6. Reproduction
7. Evolution (Phyllium giganteum- giant leaf insect)

Question 8

Define species

Answer 8

Is a group of organisms that live in the same place and time and have the potential to interbreed with one another in NATURE and produce healthy offspring.

Question 9

Define Taxonomy

Answer 9

is a branch of biology that names and classifies species. Taxonomy is the arrangement of species into a hierarchy of broader and broader groups.

Question 10

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 10

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Question 11

Difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Answer 11

The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
DNA is bundled together in the nucleoid region, but it is not stored within a membrane-bound nucleus.

The nucleus is only one of many membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, have no membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

Why do protists not fit into the other 3 kingdoms of Eukarya?

Answer 12

Single celled like amoeba but also multicellular like seaweeds

Question 13

Genome

Answer 13

The entire set of genetic information that an organism inherits .

Question 14

Hypothesis-Driven Science: The 5 steps

Answer 14

· Observations

· Questions

· Hypothesis

· Predictions

· Experiments

Question 15

order

Answer 15

All living things exhibit complex but ordered organization, example like a pine cone

Question 16

regulation

Answer 16

The environment outside an organism may change drastically, but the organism can adjust its internal environment, keeping it within appropriate limits.

Question 17

Growth and Development:

Answer 17

Information carried by DNA controls the pattern of growth and development in all organisms

Question 18

Energy Processing:

Answer 18

Organisms take in energy in the form of food and use it to perform all of life’s activities; they emit energy as heat

Question 19

Response to the Environment

Answer 19

All organisms respond to environmental stimuli.

Question 20

Reproduction

Answer 20

Organisms reproduce their own kind.

Question 21

Evolution

Answer 21

It is the change in characteristics in organisms over several generations

Question 22

What is a Biosphere?

Answer 22

consists of all the environments on Earth that support life. Includes soil, oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water; and the lower atmosphere.

Question 23

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 23

An ecosystem consists of all living organisms in a particular area and all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts.

Question 24

The dynamics of any ecosystem depend on two main processes, what are these two processes?

Answer 24

The recycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy

Question 25

what is Darwin’s first observation?

Answer 25

Darwin’s first observation Overproduction and Competition: Any population can produce far more offspring than the environment can possibly support with available resources such as food and shelter. This overproduction leads to competition among the individuals of a population for these limited resources

Question 26

what is Darwin’s second observation?

Answer 26

Individual Variation: Individuals in a population of any species vary in many inherited traits. No two individuals in a population are exactly alike. You know that no two humans are exactly alike; careful observers find this kind of variation in populations of all species.

Question 27

What did Darwin conclude?

Answer 27

Unequal reproductive success: In the struggle for existence, those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the local environment are more likely to have the greatest reproductive success will be disproportionally represented in the next generation

Question 28

what is artificial selection?

Answer 28

selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by man

Question 29

what is Homeostasis?

Answer 29

homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by organisms even in changing environment

Question 30

What is Osmoregulation?

Answer 30

It is the Maintenance by an organism of an internal balance between water and dissolved materials regardless of environmental conditions .Other organisms, however, must actively take on, conserve, or excrete water or salts in order to maintain their internal water-mineral content.

Question 31

What is metabolism?

Answer 31

Metabolism describes all the chemical processes that go on continuously inside your body to keep you alive and your organs functioning normally, such as breathing, repairing cells and digesting food.

Question 32

What do prokaryotes lack?

Answer 32

Cell organelles and nucleus

Question 33

What are eukaryotes’ cell wall made of?

Answer 33

Peptidoglycan (murein)

Question 34

What domain’s members are known as ‘extremophiles’?

Answer 34

Archaea; They can survive extreme environmental conditions

Question 35

What type of cell structure do Archaea have?

Answer 35

Prokaryotic

Question 36

What is the cell membrane of Archaea made of?

Answer 36

Isoprene