Biomolecules

Question 1

What does drinking milk result to in Lactose intolerant people?

Answer 1

Heavy dose of digestive discomfort that includes bloating, gas and abdominal pain.

Question 2

Why do lactose intolerant people face digestive discomfort?

Answer 2

Lactose present in milk, is not digested in the small intestine due to insufficient lactase enzyme and passes onto the large intestine , where the bacteria feed on it and belch out gaseous products.

Question 3

Carbon is a very versatile molecule. Explain

Answer 3

1. Tetravalency
2. It can form single, double, triple bonds
3. It can also form chains, branched chains, and rings
   when connected to other carbon atoms.

Question 4

How are polymers formed from monomers?

Answer 4

Through a dehydration reaction.

Question 5

The breakdown of polymers occurs through which reaction?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis, cells break into monomers by addition of water molecules

Question 6

Why are monosaccharides called simple sugars?

Answer 6

It is because they are monomers of carbohydrates. They cannot be further broken down into simpler sugars.
Eg. Glucose (found in soft drinks) and Fructose (found in fruits).

Question 7

Why do Glucose and Fructose have same formula C6H12O6 but different properties?

Answer 7

They are isomers. Rearrangement of functional groups makes fructose taste sweeter than glucose.

Question 8

What is given as IV / Saline to sick or injured patients?

Answer 8

A solution of glucose dissolved in water (Dextrose) is given as IV, because of rapid conversion of glucose to cellular energy and the glucose provides an immediate energy source to tissues in need of repair.

Question 9

How is a double sugar formed?

Answer 9

A disaccharide is formed by two monosaccharides in a dehydration reaction.

Question 10

What is “milk sugar” composed of?

Answer 10

Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

Question 11

What is maltose composed of?

Answer 11

Glucose + glucose
Naturally found in germinating seeds
It is used in making beer, malt whiskey, liquor and malt shakes.

Question 12

What is “table sugar” composed of?

Answer 12

Sucrose = Glucose + fructose

Main carb in plant sap, it nourishes all parts of the plant

Question 13

What is High Fructose Corn Sweetener(HFCS)?

Answer 13

It is a clear goopy liquid containing 55% fructose made through a commercial process that converts natural glucose in corn syrup to much sweeter fructose.

Question 14

Why are sugars referred to as “empty calories” ?

Answer 14

It is because most sweeteners contain negligible amounts of nutrients other than carbs.

Question 15

How do animals store excess glucose?

Answer 15

Animals store excess glucose in the form of polysaccharide called glycogen. Stored in the liver and muscle cells

Question 16

What is “Carbo-Loading”?

Answer 16

Athletes carbo-load consuming large amounts of starchy foods the night before an athletic event. The starch is converted to glycogen, which is then available for rapid use during physical activity next day.

Question 17

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth?

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

The glucose linkages in cellulose cannot be broken down by any enzymes produced by animals

Answer 18

Cellulose aka dietary fiber does not provide nay nutrients , but it does help keep your digestive gut healthy.

Question 19

What does a typical fat consist of?

Answer 19

Glycerol molecule joined by three fatty acids ,the resulting molecule is called a Triglyceride.

Question 20

Functions of adipose tissue

Answer 20

Energy reservoir
Cushions vital body organs
Insulation and maintenance of constant body temperature

Question 21

Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 21

Saturated contain single bonds and have maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

Unsaturated have double and triple bonds and contain lesser hydrogen atoms at the double bonds

Question 22

Should we maintain a diet with plenty of saturated fats?

Answer 22

No, Diets rich in saturated fats may contribute to cardiovascular disease by promoting atherosclerosis and thus, increasing risk of heart attacks and strokes

Question 23

What is Atherosclerosis ?

Answer 23

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. The plaque can cause your arteries to narrow, blocking blood flow. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood clot.

Question 24

Why do the saturated fatty acids stack easily?

Answer 24

It is because of their linear shape, they are able to stack easily and hence are solid at room temperature.

Question 25

What is Hydrogenation?

Answer 25

Process of converting unsaturated fats into saturated fats by adding hydrogen.

Hydrogenation can also create trans fat, unsaturated fat that is particularly bad for your health.

Question 26

What are some healthy fats?

Answer 26

Fats containing omega 3 fatty acids reduce risk of heart disease and relieve symptoms of arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

eg. walnuts and oily fish like salmon