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Nervous System & Neuropsychiatry > Introduction & Basic Topography > Flashcards

Introduction & Basic Topography Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS is made up of which 3 structures?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

Brainstem and cerebellum

Spinal cord

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2
Q

The PNS is made of up which 4 structures?

A

Dorsal and ventral roots

Spinal nerves

Peripheral nerves

Ganglia

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3
Q

True or false? Grey and white matter are used in respect to the peripheral nervous system?

A

False!!

Grey and white matter are only used in respect to the CENTRAL nervous system

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4
Q

What is grey matter composed of?

A

Grey matter

Dendrites

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5
Q

What is white matter composed of?

A

Axons + their supporting cells

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6
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

Due to the presence of fatty myelin

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7
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of grey matter?

A

Ganglion

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8
Q

What is the PNS equivalent of white matter?

A

Peripheral nerve

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9
Q

At the level of nerve roots are the functions mixed or segregated?

A

Segregated

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10
Q

At the level of the nerve roots what are the dorsal and ventral roots responsible for?

A

Dorsal- sensory control

Ventral- motor control

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11
Q

Which structures detect muscle stretch when the tendon hammer is applied to the patellar ligament?

A

Muscle spindle afferents

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12
Q

What is the generic term for the neurone that receives information from the muscle spindle afferents?

A

Sensory muscle afferents

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13
Q

What is the generic term for the neurone that sends impulses to the skeletal muscle in a reflex arc?

A

Motor efferent

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14
Q

In monosynaptic reflexes like the knee jerk, where is the synapse found?

A

Ventral horn

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15
Q

Draw a labelled diagram to show the reflex arc

A
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16
Q

What spinal levels mediate the knee jerk reflex?

A

L3/L4

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17
Q

What is the Jendrassik manoeuvre?

A

A technique used to distract the patient while you perform the test for knee jerk reflex

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18
Q

What is a T1 MRI scan and how does this differ from a T2 scan?

A

In a T1 MRI- CSF is dark

In a T2 MRI- CSF is bright, water is bright *T2- H20*

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19
Q

What are the three types of spina bifida?

A
  1. Occulta
  2. Meningocele
  3. Myelomeningocele
20
Q

Which type of spina bifida has the worst prognosis? Why?

A

Myelomeningocele

Because neural tissue comes out of the opening- likely to effect its function

21
Q

The spinal cord is composed of how many segments?

A

31

22
Q

The spinal cord runs from where to where?

A

Foramen magnum

L1 vertebral level

23
Q

What is a funiculus?

How do impulses travel through such?

A

A segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts.

Impulses travel in multiple directions

24
Q

What is a tract?

How do impulses travel through such?

A

An anatomically and functionally defined pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter.

Impulses travel in ONE direction

25
Q

What is a fasiculus?

A

A subdivision of a tract, supplying a distinct region of the body

26
Q

White matter is organised into ______. Grey matter is organised into _______.

A

White matter- tracts

Grey matter- cell columns

27
Q

Do subdivisions of grey matter look different histologically?

A

Yes

28
Q

What is a nucleus in respect to the CNS? Are nuclei grey or white matter?

A

A distinct population of neurones in the CNS supplying a given muscle (Functionally related cell bodies)

Grey matter

29
Q

Define what is meant by “cortex”

Is this grey or white matter?

A

A folded sheet of cell bodies found on the surface of a brain structure

Grey matter

30
Q

What is a fibre? Is this grey or white matter?

A

An axon in association with its supporting cells (e.g.oligodendrocytes)

White matter

31
Q

Association fibres connect cortical regions within ___________ hemisphere(s)

A

the same

32
Q

Commissural fibres connect ____________ hemispheres

A

left and right

33
Q

Projection fibres connect the cerebral hemispheres with ________ and vice versa

A

The cord/brainstem

34
Q

The midbrain is responsible for what?

A

Eye movements

Reflex responses to sound and vision

35
Q

The pons is responsible for what?

A

Feeding

Sleep

36
Q

The medulla is responsible for what?

A

CVS and Respiratory centres

Major motor pathway - MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS

37
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex found?

A

Precentral gyrus

38
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex found?

A

Postcentral gyrus

39
Q

What structure separates the temporal from the frontal/parietal lobes?

A

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

40
Q

What structure separates the parietal from the occipital lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

41
Q

What structure is surrounded by the primary visual cortex?

A

Calcarine sulcus

42
Q

Can you locate these structures on this image:

Corpus callosum

Thalamus

Cingulate gyrus

Hypothalamus

Fornix

Tectum

Cerebellar tonsil

A
43
Q

What are the cavities within the brain known as?

A

Ventricles

44
Q

What do the brain ventricles contain?

What is the role of this structure?

A

Coroid plexus

Produce CSF (600-700ml a day)

45
Q

Where is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Arachnoid granulations + others

Nervous System & Neuropsychiatry (17 decks)

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