introduction/atomic structure

Question 1

Name the process of liquid to gas

Answer 1

evaporation

Question 2

Name the process of gas to liquid

Answer 2

condensation

Question 3

Name the process of liquid to solid

Answer 3

freezing

Question 4

Name the process of solid to liquid

Answer 4

melting

Question 5

name the process of gas to solid

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

name the process of solid to gas

Answer 6

sublimation

Question 7

Characteristics of physical change

Answer 7

Create no new substances
Usually reversible
Absorb or release small amount of energy
e.g melting ice in beaker

Question 8

Characteristics of chemical change

Answer 8

Creates new substances
Usually irreversible
Absorb or release large amount of energy
e.g burning wood on the floor

Question 9

Describe a chemical test for the presence of water

Answer 9

anhydrous copper sulphate turns from white to blue

Question 10

Describe a physical test to show whether a sample of water is pure

Answer 10

Measure its boiling and freezing point (100C and 0C)

Question 11

Properties of Magnesium

Answer 11

Grey solid shiny
Not magnetic
Malleable
Electrical conductor

Question 12

Properties of Zinc

Answer 12

small grey solid
not magnetic
malleable
electrical conductor

Question 13

properties of iron

Answer 13

small grey solid
It is magnetic
malleable
electrical conductor

Question 14

What are the properties of metals

Answer 14

High melting/boiling point
Electrical conductor
Malleable
Shiny

Question 15

Properties of non metals

Answer 15

Low mp/bp
electrical insulator
brittle
dull

Question 16

dangers of liquid nitrogen

Answer 16

extremely cold - -178C
asphyxiation - too much can remove oxygen in air
too much pressure can cause explosions

Question 17

Define element

Answer 17

substance which contains only 1 type of atom

Question 18

define compound

Answer 18

2 or more elements chemically joined together/combined. They always combine in fixed proportions.

Question 19

define mixture

Answer 19

compound made of two or more elements that are not chemically linked.

Question 20

Define solute

Answer 20

The substance which is going to be dissolved

Question 21

Define solvent

Answer 21

The liquid which is going to do the dissolving

Question 22

define solution

Answer 22

The resulting mixture of solute dissolved in solvent

Question 23

define suspension

Answer 23

A solid floating in a liquid because it cannot dissolve

Question 23

define saturated solution

Answer 23

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved

Question 23

define insoluble

Answer 23

A substance which cannot be dissolved

Question 24

define soluble

Answer 24

A substance which can be dissolved

Question 24

Describe a solubility graph

Answer 24

The line shows the point where a solution is saturated – the maximum mass of solid which can be dissolved at each temperature.
Above the line, any solute above the maximum mass of solid will be insoluble. The mass that will dissolve can be found by reading off the line.
Below the line, the solution is unsaturated and all solute is soluble.

Question 25

what is solubility measured in

Answer 25

g per 100g of solvent.

Question 26

Define atomic structure

Answer 26

the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

Question 27

define mass number

Answer 27

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

Question 28

define isotopes

Answer 28

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. ​

Question 29

what is RAM

Answer 29

Relative atomic mass (RAM) is the average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the different masses of each isotope.

Question 30

equation for RAM

Answer 30

(abundance/100xmass number) + (abundance/100xmass number) etc for more isotopes

Question 31

name the white solid in the ammonia + HCl reaction

Answer 31

ammonium chloride