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Psychosocial Aspects of Health > Introduction and Theoretical Perpsectives > Flashcards

Introduction and Theoretical Perpsectives Flashcards

1
Q

Health psychology is the combination of educational, professional and scientific contributions to the discipline of psychology involving…

A

Promotion and maintenance of health

Prevention and treatment of illness

Identification of etiologic and diagnostic correlates of health, illness, and related dysfunction

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2
Q

The cause(s) of an illness, disease or condition

A

Etiology

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3
Q

The identification of an illness or condition based on assessing/examining its symptoms

A

Diagnostic

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4
Q

Concerned with understanding health, illness, and related dysfunction, and the application of this knowledge to diagnosis, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation

A

Behavioural medicine

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5
Q

Name three subspecialties of health psychology

A

Clinical health psychology

Occupational health psychology

Community health psychology

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6
Q

Addresses management of symptoms and psychological consequences

A

Clinical health psychology

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7
Q

Addresses prevention and management of occupational stress

A

Occupational health psychology

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8
Q

Addresses community-wide health needs and healthcare systems

A

Community health psychology

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9
Q

Name three key contributions of health psychologists

A

Coping
Symptom management
Substantial savings in medical costs

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10
Q

Describe the holistic view of health as understood by Hippocrates and Galen

A

The mind and the body were part of the same system; A balance between physical and emotional states was necessary to sustain overall health

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11
Q

What does Cartesian dualism suggest?

A

Mind and body are separate entities; Explanations for illness can be found in the body alone

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12
Q

Initially focused on illness behaviour that could be attributed to psychological causes; Emphasized etiology and pathogenesis of physical disease

A

Psychosomatic medicine

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13
Q

Coined the term “psychosomatic medicine”

A

Johann Chritian August Heinroth

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14
Q

Father of modern psychiatry; “Actions of the mind can cause many illnesses”

A

Benjamin Rush

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15
Q

Believed that certain symptoms represented manifestations of unconscious conflicts

A

Sigmund Freud

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16
Q

Believed that physical disease can be the result of “fundamental, nuclear, or psychological conflict”

A

Franz Alexander

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17
Q

Founding editor of Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine

A

Helen Flanders Dunbar

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18
Q

Created the biopsychosocial model

A

Guze, Matarazzo, and Saslow

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19
Q

What was the uptake in the popularity of mind-body balance reflected by?

A

A steady increase in understanding and endorsement of citations in which “biomedical”, “biobehavioural” and “biopsychosocial” are mentioned in medical publications.

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20
Q

Explain the biopsychosocial model

A

Forms the conceptual basis of health psychology

Considers the interplay and integration of biological, psychological, and social factors on health

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21
Q

How does the biopsychosocial model contrast with the medical model of disease?

A

The medical model of disease separates the physical and psychosocial

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22
Q

Magnification, rumination, and helplessness

A

Catastrophizing

23
Q

What are three risk factors for chronic pain?

A

Anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing

24
Q

Name three things the biopsychosocial model can be used to understand

A

Etiology (the cause of a condition)

The exacerbation or decrease in symptoms (maintenance)

Help plan intervention, help focus on certain areas.

25
Q

What are three main criticisms of the biopsychosocial model?

A

Too eclectic, meaning that it does not indicate where to start when focusing our understanding, and suggests that our understanding must be divided evenly among the three components.

Poor boundaries between the components

Can confuse or conflate etiology and treatment.

26
Q

In the health belief model, readiness to take action in relation to a health problem is a function of what two things?

A

Beliefs about health conditions (percieved severity, perceived risk, perceived barriers to action)

Perception of the benefits of taking action to prevent health problems

27
Q

Describe the mechanism of the health belief model (study figure 1.3)

A

Individual perceptions impact modifying factors which impact likelihood of action

28
Q

Name four types of individual perceptions (health belief model)

A

Perceived susceptibility

Perceived severity

Perceived benefits of preventative action

Perceived barriers to preventative action

29
Q

What are four modifying factors (health belief model)

A

Demographic variables

Sociopsychological variables

Perceived threat

Cues to action

30
Q

What are four types of cues to action (health belief model)

A

Information
Reminders
Persuasive communication
Experience

31
Q

What does the health belief model help us understand?

A

Non-compliance

32
Q

According to social cognitive theory, human behaviour is reflected by a three-way model including…

A

Interaction of personal factors

Environmental influence

Behaviour

33
Q

What are the four central constructs of social cognitive theory?

A

The belief in one’s own ability to cope with and deal with pain

34
Q

The belief in one’s own ability to cope with and deal with pain

A

Pain self-efficacy

35
Q

What is the relationship between self-efficacy and health-related behaviours?

A

Self-efficacy plays a large role in determining health-related behaviours that influence healing, coping, and medication adherence

36
Q

Low self-efficacy can be managed with which four things?

A

Social support

Address catastrophizing

Modeling

New or different coping strategies

37
Q

According to the theory of planned behaviour, behaviour is determined by which three things?

A

Behavioural beliefs

Normative beliefs

Control beliefs

38
Q

Lead to favourable/unfavourable attitudes; Beliefs about outcomes of behaviours (Theory of planned behaviour)

A

Behavioural beliefs

39
Q

Lead to a perceived social pressure related to subjective norm; What others think (Theory of planned behaviour)

A

Normative beliefs

40
Q

Lead to a perception of behavioural control; Things that make a behaviour more difficult (theory of planned behaviour)

A

Control beliefs

41
Q

Study the theory of planned behaviour diagram

A

N/A

42
Q

What has the theory of planned behaviour been criticized for?

A

Criticized for neglecting emotion and cultural factors.

43
Q

Describe the common-sense model of self-regulation

A

Theoretical framework that describes the way people process and cope with health threats

Individuals form a lay view of their health based on various sources of information

44
Q

Rules people use to make decisions and judgements about health (common sense model of self-regulation)

A

Health cognitive heuristics

45
Q

In the common sense model of self-regulation, there is a continuous feedback between…

A

The efficacy of how people cope with health threats and their perceptions of the health threat

46
Q

Describe the cognitive behavioural perspective

A

Most commonly, this is about helping the clinician conceptualize how the individual responds to symptoms or their medical condition

Thoughts, behaviours, and emotions are interconnected

47
Q

Briefly describe the transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A

Describes stages of change people may experience when modifying health behaviours

Importance of matching treatments plans to stage/readiness for change leads to best results

48
Q

What are the six stages of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change?

A

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Termination

49
Q

The health psychologist’s knowledge base includes which three things?

A

Historical relationships between health psychology and basic sciences, public health, and clinical investigation

Mechanistic and mediational pathways between contextual, psychosocial and biological phenomena as they relate to disease progression, health promotion, and illness prevention

Dynamic interactions between populations and contextual variations (demographics) on health behaviour or health outcomes

50
Q

What are three ways in which health psychologists apply their knowledge?

A

Assessing biopsychosocial and behavioural risk factors for the development of physical illness, injury, or disability

Design and evaluate empirically supported health promotion, prevention, and other interventions appropriate to target populations in the context of an interdisciplinary team

Work towards translation of research findings to applied settings

51
Q

What are five things a clinical health psychologist might ask about?

A

Emotional impact of the health condition

Impact on quality of life and functioning

Pre-existing mental health or psychosocial variables impacting a person’s ability to cope

Potential maladaptive behaviours that may need to be addresses

Story of their illness and relevant information about them (and their family)

52
Q

Understand their illness or condition, known risk factors, and consequences

A

Psychoeducation

53
Q

What are three things a clinical psychologist might target?

A

Psychoeducation

Help the client identify, understand, and manage their specific challenges

Help the client develop new coping strategies, identify barriers, and form a plan

54
Q

What are three things the future of health psychology will emphasize?

A

Cost-effectiveness

Translating knowledge into practice

Improve delivery of services through technology

Psychosocial Aspects of Health (3 decks)

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