Introduction and The Self Flashcards
Who proposed the social identity theory?
Tajfel
Who proposed the social representations theory?
Moscovici
What is social constructionism?
Shows how our understanding of reality is formed and structured, arguing all cog functions originate in social interaction so must be explained as products of social interactions
What is cluster sampling?
When the population is organised into groups or clusters and some of these feature on the sample
What is snowball sampling?
When the researcher snowballs further ppts from one respondent (e.g. their family and friends)
What is theoretical/principal/purposive sampling?
When ppts are chosen for inclusion in research on ‘principled’ reasons for their inclusion; does not seek representativeness
What are agents of socialisation?
Socialisation sources that shape us: e.g. school, clubs, family, peers, religion, media and work
What does social learning theory emphasise in socialisation?
Importance of observing, modelling, imitating behaviours, attitudes and emotional reactions of others
What did Koblinsky et al study in children about gendered information processing?
Children misremembered the gendered info they received assuming it would be traditionally gendered but it was not; highlights the importance of repetition as info is taken and then filtered according to perception and past experiences
What is self categorisation theory?
People categorise themselves into groups based on common factors and perceive collections of people as a group, and experience the consequences of these perceptions. Schemas, in group and out group identification are a part of this.
What did Sherif find in the classic Robber’s cave study?
Two groups of boys at a camp- started to resent each other as they were negatively primed but this was all social; identified with ingroup and hated outgroup
What is attribution bias?
Errors made when people evaluate or try to find reasons for their own/others’ behaviours
How do we tend to approach mistakes made by ourselves and mistakes made by others?
Self- over emphasise the situation and under emphasise character, others- over emphasise character and under emphasise character
What are some limitations of attribution bias?
Meta analysis found that the tendency to attribute character to others and situation to self was different when: the other person was portrayed as strange or less similar, it took place within a relationship or when background context was made less known
What is hostile attribution bias (subpoint) ?
Tendency to interpret others’ behaviours as having hostile intent even when behaviour is ambiguous or benign; found that children who experienced hostile situs frequently were found to have more established and accessible hostility related schemas
