Introduction and Methods of Histology

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The science of healthy body structures in humans and animals

Question 2

Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

Encompasses all the structures accessible by dissection and direct inspection

Question 3

Micro anatomy

Answer 3

The study of tissue in the body and how tissue and cells form organs

Question 4

Embryology

Answer 4

The science of the development of embryo and fetus

Question 5

Micro anatomy and histology are…

Answer 5

Synonymous

Question 6

Histology consists of three branches

Answer 6

1. Cytology
2. Histology
3. Special histology

Question 7

Cytology

Answer 7

Science of the structure and function of cells

Question 8

Histology

Answer 8

Deals with the structure of tissues

Question 9

Special Histology (organology)

Answer 9

Deals with microscopic structure of organs

Question 10

What are tissues made up of?

Answer 10

Cells and extra cellular matrix

Question 11

Light microscope

Answer 11

Light beam transmitted through tissue

Question 12

Bright Field Microscopy

Answer 12

Requires staining

Question 13

Phase contrast microscopy

Answer 13

Allows observation of LIVING non-stained structures

Question 14

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer 14

Affinity of fluorescence for specific cell components

Question 15

Advantages of Light Microscopy

Answer 15

• inexpensive
• rapid diagnosis
• Sometimes, observation of living specimens
• Resolving power is 0.2 micrometers

Question 16

Disadvantages of Light Microscopy

Answer 16

• Image is two dimensional
• Power is limited to wavelength of light
• requires maintenance
• requires expertise for proper diagnosis

Question 17

Advantages of Dissecting Scopes

Answer 17

• inexpensive
• practical and versatile
• can provide 3D image
• Can be used in microsurgery

Question 18

Disadvantage of dissecting scopes

Answer 18

• low resolving power

- needs maintenance

Question 19

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Answer 19

Can see lots of fine detail

• based on interactions of electrons and tissues
• the wavelength is shorter than the light beam resulting in increased resolution

Question 20

Advantages of TEM

Answer 20

• great resolution power

- useful for rapid diagnosis of microorganisms

Question 21

Disadvantages of TEM

Answer 21

• image is 2D
• image is black and white
• cannot be used on a living object
• very expensive

Question 22

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Answer 22

Can only see the surface

Question 23

Specimens for observation MUST:

Answer 23

• be well preserved
• be thin enough to allow light transmission
• have enough contrast to observe details

Question 24

Histological samples must be:

Answer 24

• Well preserved
  
  • in 10% Formalin
• Be thin (1-7 micrometers
• Have contrast
  
  • Staining of sections

Question 25

Microtome is used for?

Answer 25

Cutting the slides of the histopath

Question 26

What is the process after using a microtome?

Answer 26

Staining

Question 27

What are the stages of creating a histopath slide?

Answer 27

1. Cut
2. Fixation
3. Dehydration
4. Clearing
5. Infiltration
6. Embedding

Question 28

Routine staining method

Answer 28

Hematoxylin and Eosin or H&E

Question 29

Special Staining method

Answer 29

Silver Stain

Used to identify fungi or bacteria

Question 30

Histochemical methods

Answer 30

All the methods; used to identify specific structures such as DNA, RNA, lipids OR elements such as Ca, Fe

Question 31

Principle of Staining

Answer 31

Basophila and Acidophilia

PH values

Question 32

Acidophilic color

Answer 32

Pink/red

Question 33

Basophilic color

Answer 33

Blue/purple

Question 34

Basophilic has ? Proteins

Answer 34

Acid proteins

Question 35

Acidophilia has ? Proteins

Answer 35

Basic proteins

Question 36

Basic dyes stain ?

Answer 36

Acidic structures using hematoxylin

Question 37

Acid dyes stain?

Answer 37

Basic structures using eosin