Cytology And Cell Structure Flashcards
Basic constituents of a cell
- cytology (hyaloplasm)
- organelles
- cell inclusions
Hyaloplasm
Basic structure of the cytoplasm
Cell organelles
Nucleus, mitochondria, golgi complex, ribosomes, etc
Cell inclusions (paraplasm)
Secretory granules, glycogen, lipids etc
The nucleus
Contains genetic information
* in eukaryotic cells he nucleus has a double nuclear envelope
Chromatin is
Basophilic
The nucleus has two types of chromatin:
Heterochromatin (inactive)
Euchromatin (active)
Nucleolus
Produces rRNA
May be single or multiple
The darker the blue of the nucleus =
The more inactive the cell
The most euchromatic cells are:
Neurons
Liver cells
Pancreatic cells
Serotoli cells
Why is the plasma membrane important?
Its functions
- communication of cell between other cells
- Contains complex molecules
- Selective permeaility
MItochondria
- Self-replicating organelles
- Double membrane enclosed organelle with cristae
*own membrane
POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
Mitochondria are sensitive to:
Ischemia, toxin
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
What makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough or smooth?
Rough = contains ribosomes
Golgi body
Collection of membrane bound flattened sacs = cisternae
Function of the Golgi complex
Sorting, packing, and delivery
Lysosomes
- digestive system of the cell
- Associated with phagocytosis
Lysosomes play a major role in
Immune response
Peroxisomes
Used to degrade hydrogen peroxide and other toxic molecules
Cytoskeleton
- Structure how to see?
- Three major components
- Ultrasonic microscope
- Microfilaments (actin and myosin)
- Intermediate Filaments (keratin)
- Microtubules
Intermediate Filaments
- Tonofilaments
- Vimentin
- Desmin
- Neurofilaments
- Glial filaments
Tonofilaments
Epithelium
Vimentin
Mesenchymal cells
Desmin
Muscle
Neurofilaments
Neurons
Glial filaments
Glial cells
Inclusions
- Pigments
- Glycogen
- Lipids
Pigments sub categories
- Melanin
- Lipofuscin
- Lutein
- Hemosiderin
Lipid droplets can be found in
White adipose tissue or brown adipose tissue
Microvilli
Small, absorptive, seen in electron microscope that form a brush border
Cilia
motile projections, longer but less frequent than microvili, and come from basal bodies
Stereochili
Nonmotile projections, and absorptive, large
Microtubules
Help the cilia move
Cell shapes
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, spindle, cylindricl, multipolar, round
Nuclear shape
Round, elongated, polymorphonuclear
Nuclear position
Central, eccentric, apical vs basal
