Introduction Flashcards
Homeostasis*
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.
Four most common elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen (CHNO)
Six essential elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur (CHNOPS)
Most important molecules
Water (inorganic), Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, and nucleic acids
Hierarchy of Structural Organization (smallest to largest)
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism
Cell
Smallest LIVING unit of the body
Atoms
Smallest units of matter
Molecules
Formed by joining 2 or more atoms by chemical bonds
Tissue*
A group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure
4 Primary Tissue Types*
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Organ
Two or more tissue types organized together to perform a particular function/functions
Mechanistic Physiology
“The How”
Explains the cause & effect of a physiological process
(more complex than teleological physiology)
Teleological Physiology
“The Why”
Explains the PURPOSE of a physiological process
Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy
Visible with little or no aid. (Surface anatomy)
Regional Anatomy
anatomical structures in a region
Systemic Anatomy
anatomical structures of an ORGAN SYSTEM
Anatomy
study of body structures
Physiology
study of body functions
Organ system
Groups of organs that perform related functions
What are all the Organ Systems of the Body?
Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Immune, Integumentary, Muscle, Skeletal, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory, Urinary
Aerobic Respiration Equation*
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) —-> 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + ATP (Energy)
What is the relationship between CO2 (carbon dioxide) and PH or the blood?*
When H2O and CO2 react, they produce H2CO3 (carbonic acid) which lowers PH due to the increased acidity of the blood. (The more CO2 the more carbonic acid and the lower the PH.)
Bicarbonate Buffer System for a change in PH of the blood
H2CO3 (carbonic acid) HCO3- (Bicarbonate) + H+
The reaction goes right when basic and goes left when acidic.
See BIO Module 5
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid outside cells