Introduction Flashcards
What is a fact?
A thing that is known or proved to be true
What are beliefs?
What you belief to be a fact
What is the objective truth?
Truth verified by abundant evidence, universally accepted
What is the subjective truth?
Beliefs backed up by evidence, e.g. theories, hypotheses, often competing with other beliefs
–> Alternative facts
What is emotional truth?
The information “feels true”
What is the post-truth era?
Relating to or denoting to circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal beliefs.
What is hyper-connectivity?
A (false) fact’s journey.
For example: the journey of a tweet
What are digital wildfires?
- Massive digital misleading information
- Impact amplified by hyper-connectivity (everything can go viral, anyone can post anything, no gatekeeper)
- Rapid viral spread of information, with potential serious consequences
What was an outcome of the research of Vosoughi, Ray & Aral about lies?
They spread 126,000 rumors on twitter from 2006 to 2017.
- False news reached more people than the truth
- Falsehood also diffused (verspreiden) faster than the truth
What is artificial amplification?
Fake followers and likes
What is false trending?
The artificial amplification of online traffic to create the illusion of popularity and support
Who are responsible for fact-checking?
- No longer only journalists
- we are all responsible for checking before sharing
- We all need to have media/information literacy skills (knowing what and how to fact-check)
What is disinformation?
a part of misleading information resulting from deliberate intention to deceive
What is misinformation?
a part of misleading information resulting from honest mistakes
where can you divide conspiracy theories in?
conspiracy theories lead to disinformation.
