Introduction

Question 1

Horizontal line which divides the body into an upper (superior) section and a lower (inferior) section.

Answer 1

Transverse plane

Question 3

A vertical line which divides the body into a left section and a right section.

Answer 3

Sagittal plane

Question 4

Movement in a inferior direction

Answer 4

Depression

Question 6

Refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts; and in which plane

Answer 6

Flexion; Sagittal plane

Question 7

Rotational movement towards the midline

Answer 7

Lateral Rotation

Question 8

True or False: The following are the description of a proper anatomical position

Standing upright
Facing forward
Arms straight and hands held by the hips, palms facing forward.
Feet parallel and toes pointing forward.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts; in which plane

Answer 9

Extension; sagittal plane

Question 10

Movement towards the midline

Answer 10

Adduction

Question 11

anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly

Answer 11

Protraction

Question 12

Rotational movement towards the midline

Answer 12

Medial/Internal Rotation

Question 15

Conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.

Answer 15

Circumduction

Question 16

Brings the thumb and little finger together

Answer 16

Opposition

Question 17

Movement in a superior direction

Answer 17

Elevation

Question 18

In the context of the CNS, what does the ventral describes?

Answer 18

Inferior brain

Question 19

Involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.

Answer 19

Inversion

Question 20

What are the classification of joints by degree of movement?

Answer 20

Synarthrosis -€“ immovable.
Amphiarthrosis -€“ slightly moveable.
Diarthrosis – freely moveable.

Question 21

Immovable joints that are found in between the flat, plate-like bones of the skull.

Answer 21

Sutures

Question 22

immovable joints found where the teeth articulate with their sockets in the maxilla (upper teeth) or the mandible (lower teeth).

Answer 22

Gomphoses

Question 23

Amphiarthorses that are hold together by interoseous membrane

Answer 23

Syndesmoses

Question 24

A joint which is connected by a hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

Synchondrosis

Question 25

Joints united by a layer of fibrocartilage

Answer 25

Symphysis

Question 26

presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule

Answer 26

Synovial joint

Question 27

highly vascularised layer of serous connective tissue. It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid, and is responsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood and joint.

Answer 27

Synovium/Synovial Layer

Question 28

Connects muscle to bone

Answer 28

Tendon

Question 29

Connects bone to bone

Answer 29

Ligament

Question 30

Functions of synovial fluid (3)

Answer 30

Lubrication
Nutrient distribution
Shock absorption

Question 31

What are accessory ligaments?

Answer 31

The accessory ligaments are separate ligaments or parts of the joint capsule.

They consist of bundles of dense regular connective tissue, which is highly adapted for resisting strain. This resists any extreme movements that may damage the joint.

Question 32

It is a small sac lined by synovial membrane, and filled with synovial fluid. These arw located at key points of friction in a joint. They afford joints greater freedom of movement, whilst protecting the articular surfaces from friction-induced degeneration

Answer 32

Bursae

Question 33

What is the Hilton’s Law? (Innervation of Joints)

Answer 33

The nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments.’

Question 34

True or False: A common feature of the articular arterial supply is frequent anastomoses (communications) in order to ensure a blood supply to and across the joint regardless of its position. In practice this usually means arteries are above and below a joint, curving round each side of it and joining via small connecting vessels.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Movement away from the midline

Answer 35

Abduction

Question 36

posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall

Answer 36

Retraction

Question 37

Involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.

Answer 37

Eversion

Question 43

A vertical line which divides the body into a front (anterior) section and back (posterior) section.

Answer 43

Coronal plane