Introduction

Question 1

What was the industrial revolution?

Answer 1

Industrial Revolution was the process of change from agrarian handcraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. The process began in England in the 18th century and from there it spread to other parts of the world.

Question 2

What were the main features in the Industrial Revolution?(3)

Answer 2

• Technological
• Socio-Economic
• Cultural

Question 3

Technological

• The use of new basic materials-_____ and ______.
• The use of new energy sources including both fuels and motive power such as _______,_______ engine, _____, ______, and internal-combustion engine
• Invention of new machines, such as the __________ and the _________ that permitted increased production a smaller human expenditure.

Answer 3

Iron and steel
Coal,steam,electricity,petroleum
Spinning Jenny and power loom

Question 4

What was factory system?

Answer 4

It entailed the division of labour and specialization of function

Question 5

Technological:

• Important developments in ________ and _______ including steam locomotives, steam ship and telegraph.
• The increasing application of _____ to industry.

Answer 5

Transportation and Communication

Science

Question 6

What were the consequences of these technological advancements?

Answer 6

These made possible a tremendous increase in use of natural resources and mass production of manufactured goods.

Question 7

What were the results of the agricultural improvements?

Answer 7

It made possible the provision of food for large non-agricultural population .(city people)

Question 8

What were the economic changes?(3)

Answer 8

Resulted in a wider distribution of wealth-a decline of land as a source of wealth in face of rising industrial production, and increased international trade.

Question 9

What were the state of politics?

Answer 9

Political changes reflecting the shift in economic power, as well as new state policies corresponding to the needs of an industrialized society.

Question 10

What were some of the social changes?(2)

Answer 10

Growth of cities 
Development of working class movements.

Question 11

What was the cultural transformation?

Answer 11

The worker acquired new and distinctive skills- instead of being a craftsman he became a machine operator.

Question 12

Which industry did the Revolution start?

Answer 12

Textile industry-design, production and distribution of cloth,yarn and clothing.

Question 13

Who invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764?

Answer 13

James Hargreaves

Question 14

What were the consequences of the textile industry?

Answer 14

All these inventions led to the establishment of large factories. As more factories were built, industrial towns grew as people moved from the countryside to find work. A network of railways and canals built to provide transport links between industrial towns.

Question 15

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?(6)

Answer 15

Changes in agriculture 
New energy supplies 
Changes in transport 
Industrial economy 
Invention of new technology 
Iron production

Question 16

What were the changes in Agriculture?(4)

Answer 16

• Revolution in farming methods-new farm implements invented
• New crops planted
• New method of crop rotation
• Farm animals scientifically bred

Question 17

What were the consequences of this change in agriculture?(4)

Answer 17

• Food production increased significantly
• These new methods needed financial investment and larger farms
• Landlords started to enclose land which previously had been common pasturage used by small farmers
• Many could no longer make a living and moved to towns

Question 18

Why did British inventors have to find new sources of power?(2)

Answer 18

• Water powered machine which meant factories had to be located next to rivers and streams
• Coal used to boil water that in turn made pump engine work

Question 19

What were consequences of the new energy supplies?

Answer 19

Steam power transformed the iron industry.

Question 20

How did iron production increase?

Answer 20

Iron production increased from 17000 tons in 1740 to 3 million tons a century later

Question 21

True or false

Previously iron had scarce and expensive to produce but now was a basic building material in Britain.

Answer 21

True