Introduction Flashcards
Why is the urinary system important?
Removes metabolic waste from the blood by filtration and excretion
Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure by RAAS
Help to stabalize PH
Reabsoprtoin of small molecules i.e. glucose & amino acids
Produces erythropoietin (stimulant of RBC production from bone marrow)
What is the peritonisation of the kidneys?
Retroperitoneal
between what vertebral levels does the kidneys lie ?
T12 - L3
At what plane does the kidneys lie in and what vertebral level is this found?
Transpyloric plane L1
What two nerves run in front of the kidneys?
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
What are the layers surrounding the kidneys?
Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat
What structures make up the medulla of the kidney ?
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Papilla
Pyramid
What forms the renal lobe?
Papilla, pyramid and cortex
What are the 3 constrictions of the ureters?
Where it passes over the inferior renal pole (abdominal part)
Where is crosses over the external iliac vessels (pelvic part)
Where is transverses the bladder wall (intramural part)
What vessel that enters the kidney lies most anterior?
Renal vein
What branches of the renal artery supply each nephron?
Interlobular branches
What is the lymphatic drainage of the kdineys?
Drain into lateral aortic lymph nodes
What is the nerve supply of the kdiney?
Renal plexus:
Sympathetic T10-L1
Sensory afferent T11-L2
What is the nerve supply of the external urethral sphincter?
Somatic S2,3,4
What type of epithelium lines the bladder and why is this important?
Transitional epithelium
Allows the bladder to expand when it fills with urine
Also hold in the urine (prevents leakage) as there is tight junctions between cells
What artery is found with the 2 median umbillical folds?
Occluded umbilical artery
What vessels are found with the 2 lateral umbillical folds?
Inferior epigastric vessels
What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?
Embyronic urachus
What is the most narrow part of the male urethra?
Membranous
What are the 4 main parts of the male urethra?
Preprostatic
Prostatic
Intermediate (Membranous)
Spongy (penile)
What is a consequence of rupturing the urethra during a catheterisation?
Can cause strictures
What is the nerve innervation of the internal sphincter of the bladder?
Sympathetic via hypogatsric nerve T10-L2
Parasympathetic via pelvic nerve S2,3,4
What nerve supplies the external bladder sphincter?
Pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
What nerve constricts the detrusor muscle during micturation?
Parasympathetic nerve via S2,3,4
Is constriction of the internal sphincter of the bladder during ejaculation under sympathetic or parasympathetic control ?
Sympathetic
T10-L2
What is the narrowest part of the urethra in a male?
Membranous
What makes up the nephron?
Renal corpuscles + renal tubules
What makes up a renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus + bowmans capsule
What makes up a uriniferous tubule?
Nephron + collecting duct
What is the main function of the convoluted tubule ?
Reabsorption
What type of epithelium is found lining the loop of henle ?
Squamous epithelium
What epithelium lines the ureters?
Transitional epithelijm
What epithelium lines the proximal and distal convuluted tubules?
Cuboidal epithelium
What epithelium lines the collecting tubule?
Cuboidal epithelium
What structure within the nephron contains microvilli?
Proximal convoluted tubule
