Introduction

Question 1

What does Ubiquitous mean in relation to microbes?

Answer 1

It means microbes are everywhere

Question 2

How small can the unaided eyes see?

Answer 2

100 micron

Question 3

What is the relative size of a plant cell?

Answer 3

100 um

Question 4

what is the relative size of a animal cell?

Answer 4

1 um

Question 5

What is the relative size of a bacterium?

Answer 5

1 um

Question 6

What is the relative size of a virus?

Answer 6

100 nm

Question 7

What is the relative size of a cell membrane?

Answer 7

10 nm

Question 8

What is the relative size of a small molecule?

Answer 8

1 nm

Question 9

What is the radius of sight for a light microscope?

Answer 9

1mm to 1 um

Question 10

What is the radius of sight for a electron microscope?

Answer 10

100 um to 1 A

Question 11

List the characteristics of life

Answer 11

Cells/cellular

Maintain structure by taking up chemicals and energy from the environment

Respond to stimuli in the external environment

Reproduce and pass on their organization to their offspring

Evolve and adapt to the environment

Question 12

Define Acellular

Answer 12

A single cell organism which is non living, for example viruses.

Question 13

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek do?

Answer 13

He is known as the father of microbiology for his invention of the first microscope and the first drawings of microorganisms.

Question 14

What are the known groups of Prokaryotes?

Answer 14

Bacteria, Archaea, thermophiles, halophiles

Question 15

What are the known Eukaryotes?

Answer 15

Protista, Protozoa, Algae, Nematodes, fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

Question 16

What kind of cells do Bacteria have?

Answer 16

Unicellular prokaryotes with cell wall containing peptidoglycan

Question 17

What kind of cells do Archaea have?

Answer 17

Unicellular prokaryotes with no peptidoglycan in cell wall

Question 18

List the different parts of the Typical Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 18

Cilia, 
Lysosome
Centrioles
Microtubules
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondrion
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Ribosomes and Nuclear membrane.

Question 19

List the different parts of the typical Prokaryotic cell

Answer 19

Fimbriae
Outer membrane
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleoid region
Flagella

Question 20

How do Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells differ in size?

Answer 20

Prokaryotic cells are generally small about < 5 um while Eukaryotic cells are generally large around > 10 um.

Question 21

Are Prokaryotic cells Unicellular or Multicellular?

Answer 21

Always unicellular

Question 22

Are Eukaryotic cells Unicellular or Multicellular?

Answer 22

Often multicellular

Question 23

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles?

Answer 23

No nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles

Question 24

Do Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles?

Answer 24

Always have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 25

Describe DNA in Prokaryotic cells

Answer 25

DNA is circular and without proteins

Question 26

Describe DNA in Eukaryotic cells

Answer 26

DNA is linear and associated with proteins to form chromatin

Question 27

How do ribosomes differ between Pro and Eu cells?

Answer 27

Pro ribosomes are small around 70S while in Eu ribosomes are large around 80S.

Question 28

Do Pro have a Cytoskeleton?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

Do Eu have a cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

Always has a cytoskeleton

Question 30

How is cell division done in Pokaryotic cells?

Answer 30

By binary fission

Question 31

How is cell division done in Eu cells?

Answer 31

Mitosis or meiosis

Question 32

How is reproduction done in Pro cells?

Answer 32

Always Asexual

Question 33

How is reproduction done in Eu cells?

Answer 33

Asexual or sexual

Question 34

What % of bacteria are human pathogens?

Answer 34

1%

Question 35

What % of bacteria are plant diseases?

Answer 35

4%

Question 36

What % of bacteria are non-pathogenic?

Answer 36

95%

Question 37

Beneficial microbes-How do microbes form the basis of the food chain?

Answer 37

Marine and fresh water microorganisms

They are also primary decomposers which recycle nutrients back into the environment, such as sewage treatment plants.

Question 38

Why do fungi grow mushrooms?

Answer 38

They grow mushrooms temporally to spreads spores

Question 39

Beneficial microbes- What kinds of foods do they produce?

Answer 39

Cheese, pickles, sauerkraut, green olvies, yogurt, soy sauce, vinegar, bread, beer, wine, alcohol and mushrooms.

Question 40

What is general quantity of human cells?

Answer 40

1 x 10^13

Question 41

What is the general quantity of microbes in the human microbiome?

Answer 41

1 x 10^14

Question 42

Explain Microbial Antagonism

Answer 42

Our normal microbial flora prevents potential pathogens from gaining access to our body.

Adhesion protects invading microorganism from elimination by natural cleansing mechanisms

Inhibitors of adhesion prevent infection

Question 43

What kinds of enzymes and proteins can bacteria be manipulated to produce?

Answer 43

Insulin, Human growth hormone and interferon

Question 44

Sum up microorganisms

Answer 44

Microorganisms are a vast and diverse group including both prokaryotes, eukaryotes and acellular viruses.

They undertake a veriety of functions which can be both beneficial and detrimental