Introduction

Question 1

Pragmatism

Answer 1

Pragmatism

Behaviour shaped in accordance with practical circumstances and goals rather than ideological objectives

Question 2

False consciousness

Answer 2

False consciousness

A Marxist term denoting the delusion and mystification that prevents subordinate classes from recognizing the fact of their own exploitation.

Question 3

Hegemony

Answer 3

Hegemony

The ascendency or domination of one element of a system over others; for Marxists, hegemony implies ideological domination.

Question 4

Paradigm

Answer 4

Paradigm

A set of related principles, doctrines and theories that help to structure the process of intellectual enquiry.

Question 5

Social movement

Answer 5

Social movement

A collective body distinguished by a high level of commitment and political activism, but often lacking clear organization.

Question 6

Universalism

Answer 6

Universalism

The belief that it is possible to uncover certain values and principles that are applicable to all people and all societies, regardless of historical, cultural and other differences.

Question 7

Particularism

Answer 7

Particularism

The belief that historical, cultural and other differences between people and societies are more significant than what they have in common.

Question 8

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 8

Cosmopolitanism

The belief that the world constitutes a single moral, and possibly political, community, in that people have obligations towards all other people in the world

Question 9

Globalization

Answer 9

Globalization

the emergence of a web of interconnectedness which means that our lives are shaped increasingly by events that occur, and decisions that are made, at a great distance from us, thus giving rise to ‘supraterritorial’ connections between people.

Question 10

Economic globalization

Answer 10

_*Economic* globalization_

the process through which national economies have, to a greater or lesser extent, been absorbed into a single global economy.

Question 11

Cultural globalization

Answer 11

_*Cultural* globalization_

the process whereby information, commodities and images produced in one part of the world have entered into a global flow that tends to ‘flatten out’ cultural differences worldwide.

Question 12

Political globalization

Answer 12

_*Political* globalization_

the process through which policy-making responsibilities have been passed from national governments to international organizations.