Introduction

Question 1

Level of analysis

Answer 1

The direction or level from which the primary cause of events is coming

Question 2

Perspective

Answer 2

A statement or hypothesis that explains the primary cause of what is happening for example a struggle for power causes conflict and sometimes war

Question 3

Causal arrow

Answer 3

A indicator of which perspective or level of analysis influences the other perspectives and levels of analysis more than the reverse

Question 4

Ideal types

Answer 4

Perspectives or simplified characterizations of theories that emphasize the most important aspects of reality not all of its intricacies and variations

Question 5

Realist perspective

Answer 5

A perspective that sees the world largely in terms of a struggle for relative power in which strong actors seek to dominate and weak actors speak to resist

Question 6

Liberal perspective

Answer 6

A perspective that emphasizes repetitive relationships and negotiations establishing patterns or institutions for resolving international conflicts

Question 7

Identity perspective

Answer 7

A perspective that emphasizes the casual importance of the ideas and identities of the actors which motivates their use of power and negotiations

Question 8

Critical theory perspective

Answer 8

A perspective that focuses on deep in embedded forces from all perspectives and level of analysis

Question 9

Methods

Answer 9

The formal rules of reason (rationalist) or appropriateness (constructivist) for testing perspectives against facts

Question 10

Rationalist methods

Answer 10

Methods that disaggregate and explain events sequentially as one event preceding and causing a second event

Question 11

Constructivist method

Answer 11

Methods that see events as a whole as mutually causing or constituting one another rather then causing one sequentially

Question 12

Causation

Answer 12

Explaining events in terms of one another rather than describing them

Question 13

Correlation

Answer 13

A situation in which one fact or event occurs in the same context as another fact or event but is not necessarily linked to or caused it

Question 14

Exogenous variables

Answer 14

Autonomous factors that come from outside a theoretical model for system and that cannot be explained by the system

Question 15

Endogenous variables

Answer 15

Casual variables that are included in a theoretical model or framework

Question 16

Process tracing

Answer 16

A method of connecting events in sequence to identify cause and effect

Question 17

Counter factual reasoning

Answer 17

A method of testing claims for casualty by asking what might have happened if one event had not occurred

Question 18

Judgement

Answer 18

The broader assessment of what makes sense after one accumulates as many facts and tests as many perspectives as possible

Question 19

Ethics and morality

Answer 19

Standards of good conduct for human behavior

Question 20

Relativism

Answer 20

A position that holds that too and morality or relative to each individual or cultural and that one should live and let live

Question 21

Universalism

Answer 21

A position that holds that True and morality are universal and cannot be adjusted to specific circumstance

Question 22

Pragmatism

Answer 22

The idea that morality is proportionate to what is possible and causes least harm