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Political Science > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Prisoners dilemma

A

A game in which to prisoners rationally choose not to cooperate in order to avoid even worse outcomes

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2
Q

Anarchy

A

The decentralized distribution of power in the international system no leader or center to monopolize power

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3
Q

Self help

A

The principle of self defense under anarchy and which states have no one to rely on to defend their security except themselves

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4
Q

Unilateralism or minilateralism

A

Action by one or several states but not by Allstate’s

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5
Q

States

A

The actors in the contemporary international system to have the largest capabilities and right to use military force

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6
Q

Sovereignty

A

An attribute of states such that they are not subordinate to a higher power either inside or outside their borders and they agree not to intervene in domestic jurisdictions of other states

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7
Q

Power

A

The material capabilities of a country such as size of a population and territory resources endowment economic capability and military strength

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8
Q

Geopolitics

A

A focus on a country’s location and geography as the basis of this international interests

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9
Q

Security dilemma

A

The situation the states face in the arm to defend themselves and in the process threaten other states

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10
Q

Balance of power

A

The strategy by which states counterbalance to ensure not a single state dominates the system or an outcome that establishes a rough equilibrium among states

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11
Q

Power balancing

A

A school of realism that sees hegemony as destabilizing and war as most likely when A dominant power emerges to threaten the equilibrium of power among other states

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12
Q

Hegemony

A

A situation in which one country is more powerful than all the others

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13
Q

Power transition

A

The school of realism the sees hegemony a stabilizing and war as most likely when a rising power challenges a previous dominant one and the balance of power approaches equilibrium

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14
Q

Polarity

A

The number of states one unipolar two bipolar three tripolar or more multipolar or holding significant power in the international system

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15
Q

Alliances

A

Formal Defense arrangements were in states aligned against a greater power to prevent dominance

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16
Q

Defense

A

The use of force to defend the country after an attack

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17
Q

Deferrence

A

The use of threatened retaliation through force to deter an attack before it occurs

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18
Q

Compellence

A

The use of force to get another state to do something rather than to refrain from doing something

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19
Q

Reciprocity

A

Behavior of states toward one another based largely on mutual exchanges that entail inter-dependent benefits or disadvantages

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20
Q

Interdependence

A

The mutual dependence the states and nonstate actors in the international system through conference trade tourism and the alike

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21
Q

Technological change

A

The application of science and engineering to increase wealth and alter human society

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22
Q

Modernization

A

The transformation of human society from self-contained centers of society to highly specialized and interdependent units of modern society

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23
Q

Nongovernmental organizations(NGOs)

A

Nonstate actors such as student tourist and professional associations that are not subject to direct government control

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24
Q

Civil society

A

The non-governmental sector

25
Q

Transnational relations

A

Relations among non-governmental as opposed to governmental authorities

26
Q

Human security

A

Security concern the focuses on violence with in states in at the village and Local levels particularly violence against women and minorities

27
Q

Diplomacy

A

Discussions and negotiations among states as emphasized by the liberal perspective

28
Q

Cooperation

A

Working to achieve a better outcome for some that does not hurt others

29
Q

Bargaining

A

Negotiating to distribute gains that are zero sum that is what one state game the other uses

30
Q

Collective goods

A

Benefits such as an error that are invisible they exist for all or for non- and cannot be appropriated. Their consumption by one party does not diminish their consumption by another

31
Q

Collective security

A

The establishment of common institutions and rules among states to settle disputes peacefully and to enforce agreements by a preponderance not a balance of power

32
Q

International institutions

A

Formal international organizations and informal regimens that establish common rules to regularize international contacts and communications

33
Q

Intergovernmental organization’s (GOs)

A

Formal international organizations established by governments

34
Q

Global governance

A

The system of various international institutions and great power groups that in a loose sense govern The global system

35
Q

International regime

A

A network of International institutions or groups not under the authority of a single organization

36
Q

Path dependence

A

A process emphasized by liberal perspective in which decisions in particular direction affect later decisions accumulating advantages or disadvantages along a certain path

37
Q

International law

A

The customary rules and codified treaties under which international organizations operate covers political economic and social rights

38
Q

Human rights

A

Rights concerning the most basic protections against human physical abuse and suffering

39
Q

Multilateralism

A

Inclusion of all states an international diplomacy

40
Q

Legitimacy

A

The right to use power in international affairs

41
Q

Values

A

Ideas but expressed deep moral convictions

42
Q

Norms

A

Ideas the govern the procedural or substantive terms of state behavior such reciprocity and human rights

43
Q

Beliefs

A

Ideas about how the world works by identity perspectives

44
Q

Constructivism

A

A perspective that emphasizes ideas such as the content of language and social discourse over institutions or power

45
Q

Construction of identities

A

Process of discourse by which actors define who they are and how they behave towards one another

46
Q

Social constructivism

A

A identity perspective in which states and other actors acquire their identities from intersubjective discourses in which they know who they are by reference to others

47
Q

Agent oriented constructivism

A

An identity perspective that attributes greater influence to independent rather than collective actors

48
Q

External identity

A

The identity of a country that is determined by its historical and external dialogue with other states

49
Q

Internal identity

A

The identity of a country that derives from it’s unique national self reflection and memory

50
Q

Distribution of identities

A

The relative relationship of identities among actors in international system in terms of their similarities and differences

51
Q

Relative identities

A

Identities that position actors self image with respect to one another as similar or dissimilar

52
Q

Epistemic communities

A

Communities of individuals or countries that share a broad base of common knowledge and trust

53
Q

Soft power

A

The attractiveness of the values or ideas of a country as distinct from its military and economic power or it’s negotiating behavior

54
Q

Belief system

A

Ideas about how the world works that influence the behavior of policy makers

55
Q

Psychological studies

A

Studies that emphasize ideas that define actor personalities although the ideas may not be conscious but subconscious and sometimes irrational

56
Q

Feminism

A

A theory that critiques international relations as male centered and dominant discipline

57
Q

Marxism

A

A theory that emphasizes the dialectal or conflictual relationship between capitalist and communist states in the international system leading to the triumph of communism not democracy

58
Q

Postmodernist

A

Theorist who seek to expose the hidden or mask meanings of language and discourse in international relations in order to gain space to imagine alternatives

Political Science (3 decks)

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