Chapter 1 Flashcards
Prisoners dilemma
A game in which to prisoners rationally choose not to cooperate in order to avoid even worse outcomes
Anarchy
The decentralized distribution of power in the international system no leader or center to monopolize power
Self help
The principle of self defense under anarchy and which states have no one to rely on to defend their security except themselves
Unilateralism or minilateralism
Action by one or several states but not by Allstate’s
States
The actors in the contemporary international system to have the largest capabilities and right to use military force
Sovereignty
An attribute of states such that they are not subordinate to a higher power either inside or outside their borders and they agree not to intervene in domestic jurisdictions of other states
Power
The material capabilities of a country such as size of a population and territory resources endowment economic capability and military strength
Geopolitics
A focus on a country’s location and geography as the basis of this international interests
Security dilemma
The situation the states face in the arm to defend themselves and in the process threaten other states
Balance of power
The strategy by which states counterbalance to ensure not a single state dominates the system or an outcome that establishes a rough equilibrium among states
Power balancing
A school of realism that sees hegemony as destabilizing and war as most likely when A dominant power emerges to threaten the equilibrium of power among other states
Hegemony
A situation in which one country is more powerful than all the others
Power transition
The school of realism the sees hegemony a stabilizing and war as most likely when a rising power challenges a previous dominant one and the balance of power approaches equilibrium
Polarity
The number of states one unipolar two bipolar three tripolar or more multipolar or holding significant power in the international system
Alliances
Formal Defense arrangements were in states aligned against a greater power to prevent dominance
Defense
The use of force to defend the country after an attack
Deferrence
The use of threatened retaliation through force to deter an attack before it occurs
Compellence
The use of force to get another state to do something rather than to refrain from doing something
Reciprocity
Behavior of states toward one another based largely on mutual exchanges that entail inter-dependent benefits or disadvantages
Interdependence
The mutual dependence the states and nonstate actors in the international system through conference trade tourism and the alike
Technological change
The application of science and engineering to increase wealth and alter human society
Modernization
The transformation of human society from self-contained centers of society to highly specialized and interdependent units of modern society
Nongovernmental organizations(NGOs)
Nonstate actors such as student tourist and professional associations that are not subject to direct government control
Civil society
The non-governmental sector
Transnational relations
Relations among non-governmental as opposed to governmental authorities
Human security
Security concern the focuses on violence with in states in at the village and Local levels particularly violence against women and minorities
Diplomacy
Discussions and negotiations among states as emphasized by the liberal perspective
Cooperation
Working to achieve a better outcome for some that does not hurt others
Bargaining
Negotiating to distribute gains that are zero sum that is what one state game the other uses
Collective goods
Benefits such as an error that are invisible they exist for all or for non- and cannot be appropriated. Their consumption by one party does not diminish their consumption by another
Collective security
The establishment of common institutions and rules among states to settle disputes peacefully and to enforce agreements by a preponderance not a balance of power
International institutions
Formal international organizations and informal regimens that establish common rules to regularize international contacts and communications
Intergovernmental organization’s (GOs)
Formal international organizations established by governments
Global governance
The system of various international institutions and great power groups that in a loose sense govern The global system
International regime
A network of International institutions or groups not under the authority of a single organization
Path dependence
A process emphasized by liberal perspective in which decisions in particular direction affect later decisions accumulating advantages or disadvantages along a certain path
International law
The customary rules and codified treaties under which international organizations operate covers political economic and social rights
Human rights
Rights concerning the most basic protections against human physical abuse and suffering
Multilateralism
Inclusion of all states an international diplomacy
Legitimacy
The right to use power in international affairs
Values
Ideas but expressed deep moral convictions
Norms
Ideas the govern the procedural or substantive terms of state behavior such reciprocity and human rights
Beliefs
Ideas about how the world works by identity perspectives
Constructivism
A perspective that emphasizes ideas such as the content of language and social discourse over institutions or power
Construction of identities
Process of discourse by which actors define who they are and how they behave towards one another
Social constructivism
A identity perspective in which states and other actors acquire their identities from intersubjective discourses in which they know who they are by reference to others
Agent oriented constructivism
An identity perspective that attributes greater influence to independent rather than collective actors
External identity
The identity of a country that is determined by its historical and external dialogue with other states
Internal identity
The identity of a country that derives from it’s unique national self reflection and memory
Distribution of identities
The relative relationship of identities among actors in international system in terms of their similarities and differences
Relative identities
Identities that position actors self image with respect to one another as similar or dissimilar
Epistemic communities
Communities of individuals or countries that share a broad base of common knowledge and trust
Soft power
The attractiveness of the values or ideas of a country as distinct from its military and economic power or it’s negotiating behavior
Belief system
Ideas about how the world works that influence the behavior of policy makers
Psychological studies
Studies that emphasize ideas that define actor personalities although the ideas may not be conscious but subconscious and sometimes irrational
Feminism
A theory that critiques international relations as male centered and dominant discipline
Marxism
A theory that emphasizes the dialectal or conflictual relationship between capitalist and communist states in the international system leading to the triumph of communism not democracy
Postmodernist
Theorist who seek to expose the hidden or mask meanings of language and discourse in international relations in order to gain space to imagine alternatives
