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Health Psychology > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is health

A

Common definitions focus on lack of:
Objective signs of illness
Subjective symptoms of illness
or an illness/wellness continuum

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2
Q

What is health psychology?

A

the study of how psychological influences contribute to health, illness, and reaction to illness.
It is also the scientific, educational and professional contributions of psychological theory, practice and research to health related issues.

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3
Q

What do health psychologist do?

A
  1. Health promotion and maintenance
  2. Prevention and treatment of illness and disease
  3. Research Etiology (origins/causes of illness)
  4. Analyze and improve the health care system and policy
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4
Q

Why is the field of health psychology needed?

A

20th century – declines in infectious disease result of preventive measure
Today – Chronic diseases – develop and persist over a long period of time.
Chronic illnesses account for more than half of all deaths

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5
Q

Why are chronic diseases so prevalent today?

A

industrialization increased stress and exposure to harmful chemicals.
More people today survive to old age, chronic diseases are more likely to afflict older than younger individuals.

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6
Q

What are some changes happening in healthcare?

A
  1. Health care cost rising Increased
  2. Medical Acceptance of the importance of psychological and social factors
  3. Demonstrated contributions of behavioral Interventions to to health
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7
Q

What is the main reason that healthcare costs are rising?

A

increase in chronic illness

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8
Q

What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

A

The prominent model in Health Psychology practice and research

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9
Q

What is the Biomedical Model?

A

All illness can be explained in terms of abnormal bodily processes (e.g., chemical imbalance, neurophysiological abnormalities)

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10
Q

Compare the Biomedical to the Biopsychosocial model

A

reductionist vs macro/micro level
single cause vs multiple causes
mind/body dualism vs mind/body inseparable
illness over health vs health over illness

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11
Q

What are the 12 determinants of health?

A
  1. Personal Health Practices/Coping Skills
  2. Healthy Child Development
  3. Biology and Genetic
  4. Health Services
  5. Gender
  6. Culture
  7. Income and social status
  8. Social Support Networks
  9. Education
  10. Employment/Work Conditions
  11. Social Environments
  12. Physical Environments
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12
Q

What is experimental design?

A

establishing cause and effect relationships using randomized clinical trials

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13
Q

what are some components of experimental designs?

A
  • Random sampling/random assignment
  • Experimental group and Control group
  • Placebo
  • Single blind and Double blind research
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14
Q

What is a correlational design?

A

looks at the relationship between variables

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15
Q

what are some components of correlational design?

A
  • Examining existing relationships and variables that cannot be manipulated
  • Developing hypotheses
  • Generating predictive information.
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16
Q

Prospective designs

A

designs such as longitudinal research which we observe people over time

17
Q

Retrospective Research

A

looking back in time, reconstruct conditions

use archival data

18
Q

Qualitative Research

A

interviews with individuals of interests; focus groups; case studies etc.

19
Q

Cohort effect

A

generational effect due to historical experiences of a group of subjects.

20
Q

Single-subject design/single participant study

A

Initial assessment and again after some intervention is made.
Disadvantages – low generalizability
Advantages – Stimulates development of new treatments

21
Q

Twin studies

A

used to determine whether heredity factor influences health:
Monozygotic twins
Dizygotic twins

22
Q

Adoption studies

A

compare traits of adopted children with those of both natural and adoptive parents.

23
Q

Mortality

A

the number of deaths due to a particular cause

24
Q

Morbidity

A

the number of cases of a disease that exists at a certain point in time. (incidences and prevalence)

25
Q

Prevalence

A

the number of existing cases of a disease (new or old)

26
Q

Incidence

A

the number of new cases of a disease (new diagnosis)

27
Q

Epidemic

A

An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people.

28
Q

Pandemic

A

A pandemic is a global disease outbreak.

Health Psychology (5 decks)

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