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GI > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases Gatroenterologist Treat

A 
GERD
GI CA
Pancreatic CA
Hepatitis
Chirrhosis
IBS
Colitis
Crohn's disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
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2
Q

Symptoms of Digestive Problems

A 
Constipation
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Heartburn
Indigestion
Rectal bleeding
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
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3
Q

Common Acute Pain Syndromes

A 
Appendicitis
Acute diverticulitis
Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
Perforation of an ulcer
Intestinal obstruction
Ruptured AAA
Pelvic disorders
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4
Q

Chronic Abdominal Pain Syndromes

A 
IBS
Chronic pancreatitis
Diverticulosis
GERD
IBD
Duodenal ulcer
Gastric ulcer
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5
Q

Epigastric Pain

A 
PUD
GERD
MI
AAA
Pancreatic pain
Gallbladder & common bile duct obstruction
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6
Q

Right Upper Quadrant Pain

A 
Acute Cholecystitis
Biliary Colic
Acute Hepatitis
Hepatic Abscess
Hepatomegaly due to CHF
Perforated duodenal ulcer
Herpes zoster
Myocardial ischemia
Right lower lobe pneumonia
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7
Q

Left Upper Quadrant Pain

A 
Acute pancreatitis
Gastric Ulcer
Gastritis
Splenic enlargement, rupture or infarction
Myocardial ischemia
Left lower lobe pneumonia
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8
Q

Right Lower Quadrant Pain

A 
Appendicitis
Regional Enteritis
Small bowel obstruction
Leaking Aneurysm
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
PID
Twisted ovarian cyst
Ureteral calculi
Hernia
Testicular torsion
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9
Q

Left Lower Quadrant Pain

A 
Diverticulitis
Leaking aneurysm
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
PID
Twisted ovarian cyst
Ureteral calculi
Hernia
Testicular torsion
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10
Q

Peri-umbilical Pain

A 
Disease of transverse colon
Gastroenteritis
Small bowel pain
Appendicitis
Early bowel obstruction
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11
Q

Diffuse Pain

A 
Generalized peritonitis
Acute pancreatitis
Sickle cell crisis
Mesenteric thrombosis
Gastroenteritis
Crohns/Ulcerative colitis
Dissecting or rupturing aneurysm
Intestinal Obstruction
Psychogenic illness
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12
Q

Visceral Abdominal Pain

A

Originates in abdominal organs covered by peritoneum

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13
Q

Colic Abdominal Pain

A

Crampy pain

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14
Q

Parietal Abdominal Pain

A

From irritation of parietal peritoneum

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15
Q

Referred Abdominal Pain

A

Produced by pathology in one location felt at another location

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16
Q

Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests of Abdominal Pain

A 
UA
CBC
Amylase, lipase, LFT's, H. pylori
Plain X-rays
Contrast
studies- barium
Ultrasound
CT scanning
Endoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
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17
Q

Characteristics of Pain

A 
Way it begins (sudden onset, insidious)
Location of pain
Pattern of pain
Duration of pain
Worsens the pain
Relieves the pain
Signs/Symptoms
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18
Q

Where is Appendicitis Pain Found?

A

Peri-umbilical

RLQ

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19
Q

Where is Diverticulitis Pain Found?

A

LLQ

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20
Q

Gallbladder Pain is felt where?

A

RUQ

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21
Q

What kind of pain does obstruction of the intestine cause?

A

Waves of crampy abdominal pain

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22
Q

What kind of pain does obstruction of the bile ducts cause?

A

Upper abdominal pain that lasts minutes to hours

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23
Q

What kind of pain does acute pancreatitis cause?

A

Severe, unrelenting, steady pain in the upper abdomen & upper back

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24
Q

What kind of pain does acute appendicitis cause?

A

Start near the umbilicus and moves to the RLQ

Character of pain may change over time

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25
Q

How long does the pain of IBS last?

A

Waxes and wanes over months or years and may last decades

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26
Q

How long does biliary colic last?

A

No more than several hours

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27
Q

How long does the pain of pancreatitis last?

A

One or more days

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28
Q

Pain of acid-related disease

A

Show periodicity

Period of weeks or months which pain is worse

29
Q

Inflammation Pain Aggravated By:

A

Sneezing
Coughing
Jarring motion

30
Q

What does the presence of a fever suggest?

A

Infection

31
Q

What does diarrhea or rectal bleeding suggest?

A

Intestinal cause of the pain

32
Q

What does the presence of fever and diarrhea suggest?

A

Inflammation of the intestines that may be infectious or non-infectious

33
Q

What does an elevated white count suggest in abdominal pain?

A

Inflammation or infection: appendicitis, pancreatitis, diverticulitis, or colitis

34
Q

What does elevated in amylase and lipase suggest in abdominal pain?

A

Pancreatitis

35
Q

What may be elevated in a gallstone attack?

A

Liver enzymes

36
Q

What does blood in the urine suggest?

A

Kidney stones

37
Q

What are abdominal ultrasounds useful fin diagnosing?

A

Gallstones
Cholecystitis
Appendicitis
Ruptured ovarian cysts

38
Q

What can a CT of the abdomen detect?

A 
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic CA
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis
Abscesses of the abdomen
Crohn's disease
39
Q

What can capsule enteroscopy be used to diagnose?

A

Crohn’s disease
Small bowel tumors
Bleeding lesions

40
Q

What can barium X-rays diagnose?

A

Ulcers
Reflux
Inflammation
Blockage in the intestines

41
Q

What is an EGD useful for detecting?

A

Ulcers
Gastritis
Stomach CA

42
Q

What is a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy useful for diagnosing?

A

Infectious colitis
Ulcerative colitis
Colon CA

43
Q

How is the cause of abdominal pain diagnosed?

A

Characteristics of pain
Findings on PE
Laboratory, radiological, & endoscopic testing
Surgery

44
Q

Define Nausea

A

Sensations of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an urge to vomit

45
Q

Define Qualm

A

Attack of nausea

46
Q

Define Vomiting

A

Forcible voluntary or involuntary emptying of stomach contents through the mouth

47
Q

Shortly after a meal, N/V may be caused by what?

A

Food poisoning
Gastritis
Ulcer
Bulimia

48
Q

N/V 1-8 hours after a meal may indicate what?

A

Food poisoning

Salmonella

49
Q

Stimuli of Vomiting

A

Severe pain
Distention of stomach or duodenum
Torsion/trauma to ovary, testes, uterus, bladder, or kidney
Activation of chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla

50
Q

Define Retching

A

Involuntary movement of abdominal muscles

51
Q

Define Projectile Vomiting

A

Spontaneous vomiting not proceeded by nausea

52
Q

N/V Etiologies

A 
Pain
Viral gastroenteritis
GI inflammation, infection
Severe pain such as nephrolithiasis
Chemo
Neurologic
Cardiovascular
Medications
Post-operative
53
Q

Physical Manifestations of N/V

A 
Dehydration
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
Symptoms with underlying etiology
54
Q

Treatment for N/V

A

Antiemetic medications

55
Q

What does a dilated esophagus with a distal “bird beak” appearance?

A

Achalasia

56
Q

What is the multi month history of chronic nausea, early satiety, and postprandial bloating?

A

Diabetic gastroparesis

57
Q

What is the clinical sign that can assist in the diagnosis of cholecystitis?

A

Murphy sign- pain on inspiration with palpation of the RUQ

58
Q

Where is the most common site of pancreatic cancer?

A

Head of pancreas- painless jaundice

59
Q

What is the tumor marker that can assist in diagnosing pancreatic cancer?

A

CA 19-9

60
Q

What is the best study to screen for fat malabsorption?

A

Microscopic stool examination using Sudan stain

61
Q

What gastrointestinal disease is most commonly associated with dermatitis herptiformis?

A

Celiac disease

62
Q

What is the gold standard for identifying colorectal cancer?

A

Colonoscopy

63
Q

What diagnosis is most likely with symptoms of worsening LLQ abdominal pain associated with constipation and chills?

A

Diverticulitis

64
Q

What is the first-line treatment of C. difficile colitis?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

65
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis when plain film abdominal x-rays reveal thumb printing?

A

Ischemic colitis

66
Q

What are the symptoms of ischemic colitis?

A 
Crampy LLQ abdominal pain
Urge to defecate
Expulsion of bloody diarrhea
Nausea
Fever
Tachycardia
67
Q

What two dermatologic signs may assist in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?

A 
Cullens sign (peri-umbilical bruising)
Grey Turner sign (flank bruising)
68
Q

What is the most common digestive complaint in the US?

A

Constipation

GI (20 decks)

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