Introduction

Question 1

Name the 3 cardinal planes

Answer 1

Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse

Question 2

Name and explain the 5 axes of rotation

Answer 2

Lateral. Horizontally side to side
Anteroposterior. Horizontally front to back
Vertical. Perpendicular to ground
Rotary movement

Question 3

Name the 5 kinds of bones

Answer 3

Long. Shaft or body w/ knobby ends
Short. small chunky
Flat. 
Sesamoid. small, embedded in tendon 
Irregular. Spinal column

Question 4

Why are bone markings NB

Answer 4

Determine muscle location, attachment, joint function

Question 5

Name 2 types of bone marking

Answer 5

Process = elevations and projection
Cavities = depressions

Question 6

Name 2 kinds of joints

Answer 6

Arthroses

Articulation

Question 7

Name the 3 kinds of functional articulation joints

Answer 7

Synarthrosis. Immovable
Amphiarthrosis. Slight movement
Diarthrosis. Free movement

Question 8

There are 6 diarthrodial joints. Name and place them

Answer 8

Plane. Inter carpal
Hinge. Elbow
Pivot. Atlantoaxial joint
Condvoloid. MCP joint
Saddle. Thumb 
Ball and socket. Shoulder or hip

Question 9

Name the 5 scapula movements

Answer 9

Depression 
Elevation 
Adduction
Abduction 
Up and down rotation

Question 10

Name the 4 shoulder movements

Answer 10

Horizontal Adduction and abduction
Flexion and extension
External and internal rotation
Adduction abduction

Question 11

Name the 2 Parts of the spine and their movements

Answer 11

Cervical. Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, unilateral rotation

Lumbar. Flexion,extension, lateral flexion, unilateral rotation

Question 12

Name the 4 movements of the knee

Answer 12

Flexion, extension, external and internal rotation

Question 13

Name the 3 hip movements

Answer 13

Flexion and extension, external and internal rotation, adduction and abduction

Question 14

Name the 2 muscle fibre arrangements

Answer 14

Parallel. Fibres parallel to length of muscle

Pennate. Short fibres arranged obliquely to tendons, have increased force production

Question 15

Name the 5 parallel muscles

Answer 15

Flat 
Fusiform
Strap 
Radiate
Sphincter

Question 16

Name the 3 types of Pennate muscles

Answer 16

Unipennate
Bipenniate
Multipennate

Question 17

Explain flat parallel muscles

Answer 17

Spread over broad area, originate from broad aponeurosis

Question 18

Explain Fusiform parallel muscles

Answer 18

Spindle shaped, central belly tapers to tendon

Question 19

Explain strap parallel muscles

Answer 19

Long parallel fibres, uniform diameter

Question 20

Explain radiate parallel muscles

Answer 20

Triangular, combo of flat + Fusiform,converge on tendon, originate from broad aponeurosis

Question 21

Explain sphincter parallel muscles

Answer 21

Circular, surround openings, close on contraction

Question 22

Explain unipennate muscles

Answer 22

Fibres run obliquely from tendon on 1 side

Question 23

Explain bipennate muscles

Answer 23

Fibres run obliquely from central tendon on both sides

Question 24

Explain multipennate muscles

Answer 24

Several tendons and fibres in-between

Question 25

Name the 5 muscle tissue properties

Answer 25

Irritability
excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 26

Name and explain the 9 muscle contractions

Answer 26

Isometric. Static contraction
Isotonic. dynamic contraction
Isokinetic. Speed of movement controlled by apparatus
Concentric. muscle shorten during contraction
Eccentric. muscle lengthen during active tension
Open kinetic chain. distal aspect of limb is free
Closed kinetic chain. distal aspect of limb is fixed to something
Ballistic. unstoppable movement
Non ballistic. Stoppable movement

Question 27

What are the 2 roles of muscle

Answer 27

Agonist. Prime movers,direct responsibility to produce movement

Antagonist. Opposite to movers, relaxes and permits movement, acts as break at movement completion

Question 28

Name the 2 body reference positions

Answer 28

Anatomical

Fundamental