Introduction Flashcards
Name the 3 cardinal planes
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
Name and explain the 5 axes of rotation
Lateral. Horizontally side to side
Anteroposterior. Horizontally front to back
Vertical. Perpendicular to ground
Rotary movement
Name the 5 kinds of bones
Long. Shaft or body w/ knobby ends Short. small chunky Flat. Sesamoid. small, embedded in tendon Irregular. Spinal column
Why are bone markings NB
Determine muscle location, attachment, joint function
Name 2 types of bone marking
Process = elevations and projection Cavities = depressions
Name 2 kinds of joints
Arthroses
Articulation
Name the 3 kinds of functional articulation joints
Synarthrosis. Immovable
Amphiarthrosis. Slight movement
Diarthrosis. Free movement
There are 6 diarthrodial joints. Name and place them
Plane. Inter carpal Hinge. Elbow Pivot. Atlantoaxial joint Condvoloid. MCP joint Saddle. Thumb Ball and socket. Shoulder or hip
Name the 5 scapula movements
Depression Elevation Adduction Abduction Up and down rotation
Name the 4 shoulder movements
Horizontal Adduction and abduction
Flexion and extension
External and internal rotation
Adduction abduction
Name the 2 Parts of the spine and their movements
Cervical. Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, unilateral rotation
Lumbar. Flexion,extension, lateral flexion, unilateral rotation
Name the 4 movements of the knee
Flexion, extension, external and internal rotation
Name the 3 hip movements
Flexion and extension, external and internal rotation, adduction and abduction
Name the 2 muscle fibre arrangements
Parallel. Fibres parallel to length of muscle
Pennate. Short fibres arranged obliquely to tendons, have increased force production
Name the 5 parallel muscles
Flat Fusiform Strap Radiate Sphincter
Name the 3 types of Pennate muscles
Unipennate
Bipenniate
Multipennate
Explain flat parallel muscles
Spread over broad area, originate from broad aponeurosis
Explain Fusiform parallel muscles
Spindle shaped, central belly tapers to tendon
Explain strap parallel muscles
Long parallel fibres, uniform diameter
Explain radiate parallel muscles
Triangular, combo of flat + Fusiform,converge on tendon, originate from broad aponeurosis
Explain sphincter parallel muscles
Circular, surround openings, close on contraction
Explain unipennate muscles
Fibres run obliquely from tendon on 1 side
Explain bipennate muscles
Fibres run obliquely from central tendon on both sides
Explain multipennate muscles
Several tendons and fibres in-between
Name the 5 muscle tissue properties
Irritability excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity
Name and explain the 9 muscle contractions
Isometric. Static contraction
Isotonic. dynamic contraction
Isokinetic. Speed of movement controlled by apparatus
Concentric. muscle shorten during contraction
Eccentric. muscle lengthen during active tension
Open kinetic chain. distal aspect of limb is free
Closed kinetic chain. distal aspect of limb is fixed to something
Ballistic. unstoppable movement
Non ballistic. Stoppable movement
What are the 2 roles of muscle
Agonist. Prime movers,direct responsibility to produce movement
Antagonist. Opposite to movers, relaxes and permits movement, acts as break at movement completion
Name the 2 body reference positions
Anatomical
Fundamental
