Introduction Flashcards
How many times per second
Frequency
What do you need to produce xrays?
Source of electrons, methods of accelerating electrons, a path, a target, a tube to provide a vacuum
Negative electrode?
Cathode
Positive electron.
Anode
How thick must lead be?
0.5 mm
How much heat is released from an X-ray?
99%
Measures number of electrons.
MA
Measures how fast and amount of energy.
KVP
Which part of an X-ray contains a filament like a light bulb?
Cathode
What does the filament create?
An electron cloud
The whiter you are…
Radio opaque
The darker you are…..
Radiolucent
What houses the filament?
The focusing cup
This creates a focal spot.
Anode
The focal spot.
Anode
Sometimes is designed to spin to disburse heat.
Anode
Intensity of the X-ray is greater on what side?
Cathode side
Thicker part of of patient should be faced towards the….
Cathode
Controls the size of the X-ray beam directed?
Collimator
Lower KVP= ________ contrast and what color?
More contrast, more gray
For bone, what colors do you want and how do you achieve it?
Whites and blacks- high KVP
What MA stands for?
Milliamps
More MA, ____ e- released.
More
How to reduce scatter?
Reduce beam size, lead grids between film and the patient
Measured from peak to peak
Wavelength
What is Santes rule?
2 x Tissue thickness + 40 = KVP
If you use the tray, what do you add to the KVP after calculated from Santes rule?
+ 10
Adverse effects of not having the body oerfectly parallel?
Foreshortening, magnification, elongation
How do you calculate MAS?
MA x seconds =MAS
Also known as focal film distance.
Source image distance
The distance between. The focal spot of the tube and focus spot of the patient?
Focal film distance
Necessities of a dark room?
Clean, organized and light proof, well ventilated, white walls
Minimum dark room size?
6x8 feet
Two sides of a dark room with a dip tank?
Dry and wet side
Steps of film processing?
Develop, rinse (only manual), fix, wash, dry
What does the developing step do?
Converts invisible image to a visible image
What does the fixer step do?
Removed undeveloped crystals that were not exposed to electrons
What does the wash step do?
Removes chemicals from the X-ray film
How long does automatic film processing take?
90 seconds
How can you mark films?
Lead markers, lead tape
What needs to be on the X-ray label?
Name and address of hospital, date, owners name, patient name and number
Silver halide crystals are like….
Megapixels
Creates a grander image with wide latitude and large crystals.
Fast film
Has medium crystals, and medium detail.
Medium speed
High detailed speed.
Slow speed
What are non screen films used for?
Dental films - higher detail
If the film is too light…?
Increase KVP
If the film is too dark?
Decrease MAS (slow it down)
If you can’t see the organs…
Increase KVP
If it’s too light and you can see the organs….
Increase MAS
If the film is too dark and you see gray bones….
Decrease KVP
If the X-ray is too dark and you see white bone…
Decrease MAS
What is Santes rule?
2xcm +40
Factors that affect technique charts?
Voltage, film speed, age of film and screen, grid type, beam filtration
