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Radiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

How many times per second

A

Frequency

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2
Q

What do you need to produce xrays?

A

Source of electrons, methods of accelerating electrons, a path, a target, a tube to provide a vacuum

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3
Q

Negative electrode?

A

Cathode

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4
Q

Positive electron.

A

Anode

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5
Q

How thick must lead be?

A

0.5 mm

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6
Q

How much heat is released from an X-ray?

A

99%

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7
Q

Measures number of electrons.

A

MA

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8
Q

Measures how fast and amount of energy.

A

KVP

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9
Q

Which part of an X-ray contains a filament like a light bulb?

A

Cathode

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10
Q

What does the filament create?

A

An electron cloud

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11
Q

The whiter you are…

A

Radio opaque

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12
Q

The darker you are…..

A

Radiolucent

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13
Q

What houses the filament?

A

The focusing cup

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14
Q

This creates a focal spot.

A

Anode

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15
Q

The focal spot.

A

Anode

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16
Q

Sometimes is designed to spin to disburse heat.

A

Anode

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17
Q

Intensity of the X-ray is greater on what side?

A

Cathode side

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18
Q

Thicker part of of patient should be faced towards the….

A

Cathode

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19
Q

Controls the size of the X-ray beam directed?

A

Collimator

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20
Q

Lower KVP= ________ contrast and what color?

A

More contrast, more gray

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21
Q

For bone, what colors do you want and how do you achieve it?

A

Whites and blacks- high KVP

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22
Q

What MA stands for?

A

Milliamps

23
Q

More MA, ____ e- released.

A

More

24
Q

How to reduce scatter?

A

Reduce beam size, lead grids between film and the patient

25
Q

Measured from peak to peak

A

Wavelength

26
Q

What is Santes rule?

A

2 x Tissue thickness + 40 = KVP

27
Q

If you use the tray, what do you add to the KVP after calculated from Santes rule?

A

+ 10

28
Q

Adverse effects of not having the body oerfectly parallel?

A

Foreshortening, magnification, elongation

29
Q

How do you calculate MAS?

A

MA x seconds =MAS

30
Q

Also known as focal film distance.

A

Source image distance

31
Q

The distance between. The focal spot of the tube and focus spot of the patient?

A

Focal film distance

32
Q

Necessities of a dark room?

A

Clean, organized and light proof, well ventilated, white walls

33
Q

Minimum dark room size?

A

6x8 feet

34
Q

Two sides of a dark room with a dip tank?

A

Dry and wet side

35
Q

Steps of film processing?

A

Develop, rinse (only manual), fix, wash, dry

36
Q

What does the developing step do?

A

Converts invisible image to a visible image

37
Q

What does the fixer step do?

A

Removed undeveloped crystals that were not exposed to electrons

38
Q

What does the wash step do?

A

Removes chemicals from the X-ray film

39
Q

How long does automatic film processing take?

A

90 seconds

40
Q

How can you mark films?

A

Lead markers, lead tape

41
Q

What needs to be on the X-ray label?

A

Name and address of hospital, date, owners name, patient name and number

42
Q

Silver halide crystals are like….

A

Megapixels

43
Q

Creates a grander image with wide latitude and large crystals.

A

Fast film

44
Q

Has medium crystals, and medium detail.

A

Medium speed

45
Q

High detailed speed.

A

Slow speed

46
Q

What are non screen films used for?

A

Dental films - higher detail

47
Q

If the film is too light…?

A

Increase KVP

48
Q

If the film is too dark?

A

Decrease MAS (slow it down)

49
Q

If you can’t see the organs…

A

Increase KVP

50
Q

If it’s too light and you can see the organs….

A

Increase MAS

51
Q

If the film is too dark and you see gray bones….

A

Decrease KVP

52
Q

If the X-ray is too dark and you see white bone…

A

Decrease MAS

53
Q

What is Santes rule?

A

2xcm +40

54
Q

Factors that affect technique charts?

A

Voltage, film speed, age of film and screen, grid type, beam filtration

Radiology (10 decks)

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