Introduction

Question 1

Who coined the term biotechnology?

Answer 1

Karl ereky 1917

Question 2

Define animal biotechnology?

Answer 2

It includes manipulation of genome of animals to produce more milk,meat and wool amd other desirable characterstics,improved utilisation of animal feed,embryo transfer,developing vaccines etc.

Question 3

Define health care biotechnology?

Answer 3

It involves dev. of genetically engineering vaccines,early disease diagnostic kits,gene profiling,dev. of newer antibiotics,production of artificial skin and organs and stem cells etc.

Question 4

Define agriculture biotechnology?

Answer 4

It has contributed in dev. of crops and fruit varieties with higher yeild,great resistance to disease and stress and higher nutritional value, increasing efficiency of nitrogen fixation in plants and vaccine production from plants.

Question 5

Define Industrial biotechnology?

Answer 5

It has wide range of applications such as production of antibiotics,extraction of metals by microbial methods,enrichment of ores etc.t
It plays a vital role in food processing and beverage industries.

Question 6

Define aquaculture and marine biotechnology?

Answer 6

It is helpful in transgenic fish prodution,bioremediation,conversation,sea weeds culture. Etc.

Question 7

Define environmental biotechnology?

Answer 7

It helps in biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds,bio mining,restoration of denuded areas,bio-sensors,processing of wstes,composting,anaerobic processing etc.

Question 8

Name branches of biotechnology?

Answer 8

Blue biotechnology
Red biotechnology
Green biotechnology
White biotechnology

Question 9

Define blue biotechnology?

Answer 9

It is used to refer application of biotechnology in ampnimal,marine and aquatic improvements.

Question 10

Define red biotechnology?

Answer 10

It is used for medical processes ,like finding genetic cures by manipulatin genome and creating organisms for production of antibiotics.

Question 11

Define green biotechnology?

Answer 11

It is used to refer agriculture processes tht use biotechnology for better production such as development of transgenic plants that are produced to survive under specific environmental conditions, developing disease resistant transgenic plants

Question 12

Define white biotechnology?

Answer 12

It is used to refer industrial biotechnology. It is used to develop an organism that could able to produce certain useful chemicals by natural processes rather then using the industrial way to produce it..

Question 13

Define animal biotechnology?

Answer 13

It is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing or production of material by animals to provide goods Nd services to human kind.

Question 14

Give some examples of animal biotechnology?

Answer 14

It includes-
~Generation of transgenic animals
~using knockout tech,to generate aniamls in which a specific gene has been inactivated
~ production of nearly identical animals by somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Question 15

Give objectives of animal biotechnology.

Answer 15

1- identification and characterization of animal breeds
2- developing DNA- based diagnostics and genetically engineered vaccines for animals
3- stdying animal genomics n its varied applications
4- dev. embryo- transfer technology,cloning,transgenic animals
5-DNA forensics,molecular diagnostic,cloning wildlife conservation,stem cell research

Question 16

Give some applications of animal biotechnology?

Answer 16

Used in the areas of- 
Food quality control
Analyses of milk and milk products
Other animal products
Dev. of disease free animals
Embryo transfer tech.
In vitro embryo production
Modern vaccines
Nutritional biotechnology
Molecular diagnostic

Question 17

Explain transgenic technology?

Answer 17

-Livestock produced with increased growth rate,
Enhanced lean muscle mass
Enhanced resistance to disease
- provide large quantity of human proteins in eggs,milk,blood or urine

Question 18

Demerits of transgenic technology.?

Answer 18

Less successful rate

High production cost

Question 19

Give examples of human pharmaceutical proteins?

Answer 19

Include enzymes clotting factors,albumin and anti- bodies

Question 20

Explain knockout technology?

Answer 20

It creates a possible source of replacement of organs for humans

Question 21

What is Xenotransplantation?

Answer 21

The process of transplanting cells,tissues,or organs from one species to another is called ‘xenotransplantation’

Question 22

_____ is the major animal consider as a xenotransplant donor to humans?

Answer 22

Pig

Question 23

Expand MOET.

Answer 23

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer

Question 24

Main potential advantage of MOET is ..?

Answer 24

That the elite females of local breeds can be identified,and bulls can be produced from them for use in a feild programme of breed improvement in developing countries.

Question 25

Define biotechnology?

Answer 25

” the application of biological organism systems or processes to manufacturing and service industries”

( coombs 1984 )