Introduction Flashcards
Concern of environmental engineering
Protection of environment from human modification and exploitation
Prevent erosion
Trees
Environmental hazards
Site and location Biological Chemical Physical Psychological/sociological
Solar energy emits heat energy which produces electricity
Non-nutritive
Distribution of gases in the atmosphere
21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
1% inert gases
Source of energy for consumers
Glucose
Relationship of trees and organisms
Symbiotic
Effect of cutting trees
No more carbon sink
Effect of global warming in the North Pole
Green spot
Percent surface water
0.28%
Aspect of engineering concerned with protection of human population from adverse environmental factors
Environmental health engineering
Fundamentals of Environmental Health
Environmental system
Principles of environmental health
Emerging environmental health problems
Areas of environmental health concern
Irreversible chloride content
11,000 mg/L
pH of pure water
< 7
Regulate seepage of water into the ground
Leaves
Aspect of public health concerned with forms of life, substances, forces, and conditions surrounding man which influence their health and development
Environmental health
Number of river systems
421
Seawater infiltrating the ground water is known as ______
Seawater intrusion
Photosynthesis equation
Carbon dioxide + water + heat —–> glucose + oxygen
Quality: groundwater vs surface water
Groundwater quality is better than surface water quality
Anything constructed by man
Built environment
Steps in water cycle
Evaporation/transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Groundwater Run-off
Sum total of an organism’s external conditions and influences which affect its life, development, and survival
Environment
Residues and wastes
Solid
Gaseous
Liquid
Aquifer
Water-bearing strata
Treatment
Destruction
Conversion of harmful substances to less harmful ones
Removal of harmful substances
Dispersion and dilution of pollutants
Function of land/soil
Platform for activities of human society or land-based animals
Provides water, nutrients, and anchorage for plants and trees
Provides habitat for decomposers
Acts as purifying filter on water-containing dissolved and colloidal constituents
Where built environment is constructed
Source of different minerals
Human activities
Residential
Work
Recreation
Transportation
Water resources
Marine Rivers Lakes Wetlands Groundwater Rainfall
What is the ability of an individual to adapt to change?
Social support system
Percent distribution of water
- 6% ocean/seawater
- 07% ice/snow
- 61% freshwater
Water use in the Philippines
- 6% agriculture
- 3% industry
- 1% domestic
Largest Philippine river
Cagayan River
Percent groundwater
0.33%
Number of natural lakes
72
Largest lake on the Philippines
Laguna de Bay
Largest lake in Mindanao
Lanao Lake
14% of total water resource potential of the country
14%
Life-support systems
Energy
Social
Built environment
Geophysical
Average tropical cyclones per year
11
Differences between groundwater and surface water
Extraction cost
Treatment
What is leachate?
All dissolves materials and microorganisms in trash
Gas produced by organic matter
Biogas/methane gas
Natural hazards
Site and location hazards
Effects of illegal logging
Erosion and landslides
Global warming
WHO Particulate Matter Standard
90 mcg/L
Separation by distance
Isolation
Acid rain
Nitrogen oxide + sulfur oxide + vapor
Second leading morbidity affecting all ages
Diarrhea
Biologically dead rivers have
No oxygen
No aquatic organisms/species
Increased growth of algae
Eutrophication
Critical areas of water pollution
Metro Manila
Southern Tagalog
Central Luzon
Emerging environmental health problems
Access to safe water supply Disposal of human waste Disposal of solid waste Disposal of hazardous and toxic waste Air pollution Use of persistent chemicals Rapid urbanization
Psychological/sociological hazards
Noise, overcrowding Lack of privacy Lack of opportunity for social interaction Lack of open space Boredom Stress from work, traffic
Prevention
Restriction of activities
Immunization against diseases
Use of prophylactic agents
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Amount of oxygen required to stabilize organic matter
Water-related diseases Diarrhea Schistosomiasis Minamata disease Dengue Trachoma Enterobiasis Methemoglobinemia Clonorchiasis Filaria Cholera Malaria Scabies Fasciolopsiasis Ascariasis Botulism Hepatitis A Trichuriasis
Water-borne Water-based Water-borne Water insect-related Water-washed Water insect-related Water-borne Water insect-related Water-washed Water-based Water-washed Water-borne Water-based Water-washed Water-borne Water-insect related Water-washed Water-borne Water-borne Water-washed
Principles of environmental control
Isolation Substitution Shielding Prevention Treatment
Sources of wastewater
Domestic
Industrial
Storm water
Agricultural runoff
Substitution
Use of alternative materials, processes, and operations to prevent ergonomic problems
Effect of plastic products in bodies of water
Flooding
Fish kill
Death of corals
Use of barrier/protection to prevent entry of hazard
Shielding
Relationship of BOD and pollution
Inverse
Type of treatment Biofiltration Incineration Autoclave Organic matter to compost Disinfection Chlorination
Removal of harmful substances Destruction Destruction Conversion of harmful substances to less harmful ones Destruction Destruction
Caused by ingestion of contaminated water present with chemicals and pathogenic organisms
Water-borne diseases
Cause water-washed diseases
Unavailability of water resorting to usage of unsafe sources of water
Cause of water-based diseases
Unhygienic disposal of human waste which can cause the spread of parasites
Caused by insects that use contaminated water as breeding grounds
Water insect-related diseases
