introduction Flashcards
When did the EU start to form?
1950s
When did Ireland join the EU?
1973
What significant event occurred in 2020 regarding the EU?
The UK left the EU
What caused the formation of EU
Devastation following WW1 and WW2, aimed to stop countries fighting
What was the main political objective of the European integration efforts post-WW2?
Concerned with world peace
What was established in 1949 as part of efforts to prevent war in Europe?
NATO
Timeline of Events
1951- Coal and Steel Community
1954- EEC
1957- EEC treaty
Common Agricultural policy
1987- SEA
1993-Maastricht treaty
1998-Amsterdam Treaty
2003- Nice Treaty
2004– Failed formation of a con
2007- Treaty of Lisbon
What was the aim of the Coal and Steel Community formed in 1951?
To integrate the industries so that countries were mutually dependent and wouldnt go to war w eachother
What year was the European Economic Community (EEC) established?
1954
What did the EEC aim to achieve?
Bringing together the whole economies of the countries
What is another name for Community law?
EEC law
What was the objective of the 1957 EEC Treaty?
Concerned free trade
Common Market:Abolition of tariffs between the community-allowed for free movement of goods/services/workers etc.
Customs union: Some customs tariff for countries from outside the community
Aim of Common Agricultural Policy
Aimed to improve conditions after food shortages due to war
Guranteed stable prices to farmers
What was the aim of the 1987 Single European Act?
Deepen economic integration
Not just a common market, an internal market
What significant change did the Single European Act introduce regarding decision-making?
Reduced national veto powers- needed majority vote of member states
Maastricht treaty
All countries had separate cuttencies so this was a barrier for trade becaus of the exchange rates.
Created single currency- the Euro
How many member states currently use the Euro?
20
What was a major concern regarding foreign and security policy after Maastricht?
Apprehension about giving jurisdiction to a European court
What concept emerged as a shift from community to union?
Union citizenship
What were the challenges faced by the EU after the Maastricht Treaty?
Deepening issues like climate change and widening of the EU- how to expand it to allow for new member state
The amendments to treaty were not satisfactory so it gave rise to consitutional reform
What were the names of the two treaties that focused on constitutional reform?
What happened
1998 Treaty of Amsterdam and 2003 Treaty of Nice
Conference on furute of europe- how to expand and develop EU
Contemplating creation of constiution
2004
some states didnt approve so con was set aside
What significant change did the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 introduce?
Repealed all previous treaties
Created 2 treaties in whcih underpin the union
TEu and TFEU
What are the two new treaties enacted by the Treaty of Lisbon?
Treaty on European Union (TEU) and Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
TEU
underpins the values and principles of the EU
exit and entry principles
Structure of instiutions
TFEU
Sets out the powers of the EU
State case that talks about the treaties
Wightman v Secretar of state EU
The treaties consitute the basic constituional charter of the Eu
