introduction

Question 1

why do we need to study antibodies

Answer 1

because antibodies are used in now days drugs

Question 2

how does antibodies work as medecine

Answer 2

it binds to the cells and target the different molecules.
foe example in tumor, molecules can binds to the antibody and once its bind to the membrane of tumor cells it release those molecules to target the cells lead to cell apoptosis.

Question 3

what is vasopressin

Answer 3

is nona-peptide protein produced in the hypothalamus and it helps in the concentration of the urine.
if some one lack that protein they produce large amount of the urine

Question 4

what are the problem of vasopressin as a drug

Answer 4

• increase blood pressure
• has very short half-life

Question 5

what was the solution to the above problem

Answer 5

-by introducing D-aa to resist the degradation Desmopressin was produced.
-Desmopressin this drug has longer half-life and no effect on the blood pressure.

Question 6

what are the importance of desmopressin

Answer 6

help in reducing the amount of urine produced during night

Question 7

what are the problem of drugs with vasoconstricting properties

Answer 7

dues to the addition of 3 aa this can lead to longer half-life causing addiction

Question 8

what is the best formulation of peptide

Answer 8

tablets because they increase its stability

Question 9

what are ATMPs

Answer 9

-are the medicine for human use with active therapeutic substance based on engineered tissues, manipulated cells, recombinant genes and technology to modify patient genome.

-or is when cells are modified to produce drug

Question 10

why is CAR-T cells described as ATMP

Answer 10

because CART-T cells are genetically modified T cells derived from the patient

Question 11

decribe the CAR-T cells therapy

Answer 11

1. T cells are taken from the patient blood
2. then insert the gene for CAR to the T cells in the lab to produce CAR-T cells
3. millions of CAR-T cells are grown by using medium culture maybe E.coli
4. infuse the CAR-T cells in the patient
5. then they will binds to the patient cancer cells and kill them

Question 12

how does CAR-T cells target the cancer

Answer 12

it carries the artificial receptor that target T cells to the cancer

Question 13

what are the key components need to be considered when building strategies for drug development

Answer 13

1. create large number of variants
2. test that large number of variants and select based on the functionality
3. optimize the variants with respect to the target binding
   4.optimize down streaming of the drug effect

Question 14

what are the checkpoints

Answer 14

checkpoints: are normal part of immune system that prevent the immune response to be strong that it can destroy the health cells in the body

Question 15

when does check point engage

Answer 15

it engage when protein on the T cells recognize and bind to the partner protein in other cell maybe tumour cell.
the proteins on T cell are called checkpoints

Question 16

how does they work

Answer 16

when the two proteins (checkpoints) binds together they send the OFF signal to the T cells which can prevent it from killing cancer

Question 17

what is the checkpoint inhibitors

Answer 17

this work by blocking the check points from binding to their partner protein which prevent the OFF signal to be send and allow the T cells to kill the tumour cells/cancer

Question 18

what do we consider to choose the antibody as therapeutical drug

Answer 18

• antibody with long half-life

Question 19

what is the importance of checkpoints inhibitors

Answer 19

-its blocks tumour’s ability to avoid immune destruction which allow immune system to control the tumour and its environment
- it can also be used to down regulate the immune response that can lead to autoimmune.

Question 20

checkpoints doc

Answer 20

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/checkpoint-inhibitors