cell based therapeutic

Question 1

objectives

Answer 1

. to be able to describe what a cell therapy is and give examples (DCs, T cells, NK cells, γδΤcells).
.To know what adoptive cell therapy means.

Question 2

what is the goal

Answer 2

General ideas are taken up in the exam and the goal for this lecture is
to explain concepts of therapies and their properties. Not too detailed.

Question 3

what is cellular therapy

Answer 3

is the stimulation of body’s cells to fight the diseases with focus on immune cells therapy

Question 4

where does this therapy applicable

Answer 4

cancer, autoimmunity, infection (HIV), allogeneic transplantation.

Question 5

What are the type of cell therapy

Answer 5

1. non-engineered immune cell therapy: adoptive cell therapy
2. engineered immune cell therapy: immune cells isolated, genetically modified or expansion

Question 6

what is the adoptive cell therapies

Answer 6

using a patient’s immune cells to fight off diseases

Question 7

Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy

Answer 7

. Know what a DC is and its role in immunity.
*Be able to describe the three main treatment modalities targeting DCs (in vivo activation, in vivo expansion, blocking of inhibitory signals). Give examples of each.

Question 8

what are DC

Answer 8

-bridge adaptive and innate immunity
-professional antigen presenting cell
- T cells responses are initiated by the DC

Question 9

what does DC involve in as APC

Answer 9

• Ag processing (process of displaying pathogen on the cell surface)
  -Ag presenting (when APC display the pathogen in the way T cells can see it )

Question 10

what are the treatment used in DC therapy

Answer 10

• in solid tumour: is able to migrate in the lymph node and transport tumour antigen then present it to T cell which initiate T cells activation

Question 11

is DC required for T cells immune therapy

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

what are the 2 functional classes of DC immune therapy

Answer 12

1. plasmacytoid Dc (pDC): express CD123, involves in sensing viral infection and production of large amount of interferons
2. conventional DC (cDC): express CD11c, activator of naive T cells and type1, cDC1 involve in activation of CD8+ T cells

Question 13

why is it so hard to cure solid cancer

Answer 13

because of tumour microenvironment which is immunosuppression that give it the ability to avoid immune cells recognition and killings

Question 14

why is DC therapy used in solid tumour treatment

Answer 14

because
- cDC1 interact with various immune cells like NK, T, and macrophage though cytokine and chemokine
- cCD1 has the capacity to present the Ag to the CD8+ T cells and activate T cells ex vivo

Question 15

what are the treatment that target DCs

Answer 15

• in vivo activation: this involve stimulating existing DC within the body and enhance their ability to present antigens and activate T cells. by using various agent like cytokines, toll-like receptor agonist, DC response can be improved leading to robust of immune response against tumour cells.
• in vivo expansion: involve increasing the amount of DC present in tumour microenvironment particularly cDC1s which initiate anti- tumour T cells immunity. this method aim to restore DC function that maybe in dysfunctional in the TME leading to enhance/improvement of immune response.
• block inhibitor signal: tumour often employ various mechanism to suppress immune response so by inhibiting those signal it is possible to enhance the activity of the DC and improve the anti-tumour response.
• Dendritic cell vaccines: is not yet used but is showing promising in future. this is done by isolating immature DC from the patient and generate immature DC with GMC and IL-4 to give maturation, then activate DC in presence of tumour fragment and then re- infuse mature tumour specific DC.

Question 16

what are the drawback of the above treatment method that target DC

Answer 16

single agent administration in patient. so, is not effective.
means is not combined with other therapies.