Introduction Flashcards
Do we have to sleep:
1- what as sleepiness?
2- what do we find it difficult to do?
3- sleep deprivation as….?
1- Compelling need to go to sleep – sleep propensity aka as sleepiness
2- We find it very difficult to fight the urge
3- However, sleep deprivation as chronic under-sleeping is the tendency across many nations in the world – sleepless epidemic
Sleep in other species:
1- whether the animals are…
2- …. of food
3- …. or ….. blooded
4- which animals need to sleep more
1- Whether the animals are predators or prey
2- Quantity, quality and availability of food
3- Whether warm- or cold-blooded
4- Animals born immature need to sleep more
What is a difference in sleep between species
The total time spent asleep
Examples:
*lots of sleep- bat, armadillo, cat
*moderate amount of sleep per day- fox, rhesus monkey, rabbit human
*little sleep, easily aroused- cow, sheep, goat, horse
In 2013, the CDC awarded a grant to the AASM and SRS to increase awareness of the importance of sleep on health,
what was this known as and what was it aiming to do?
”National Healthy Sleep Awareness Project”
A need to determine how much sleep is necessary for good health
Sleep Duration Consensus Conference (2015):
1- how many experts and aim?
2- how many health categories did the panel focus on?
3- outcome?
4- who agreed?
1- A panel of 15 sleep experts from the American Association of Sleep Medicine reached a consensus on the recommended number of hours of sleep for adults aged 18-60 years.
2- 9 health categories with the best available evidence in relation to sleep duration: general health, cardiovascular health, metabolic health, mental health, immunologic function (how well we tackle viruses and heath), human performance, cancer, pain, and mortality.
3- recommendation of 7hrs or more whereas 6hrs or less were deemed insufficient
4- Several scientific bodies (NSF, AHA, etc) agreed. This is why there is a recommendation of how many hours of sleep people need.
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)-USA (2014) (Grandner et al. 2016)
“On average, how many hours of sleep do you get in a 24h period?”
~36%: <(=)3 to 6 hours
~56%: 7/8 hours
~8%: 9 to >(=) 11 hours
what factors does sleep behaviour involve?
what and who is in charge/ responsible?
- voluntary and involuntary factors
- personal factors, social factors and environmental factors
Sleep and Health:
1- what takes place throughout our time asleep?
2- what does sleep serve?
3- what does it enhance?
4- sleep as one of the …..
1- Many functions take place throughout our time asleep
2- Sleep serves both the brain and the body
3- Enhances our cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, immune system, appetite, metabolism, body weight, microbiome etc
4- One of the three pillars of health (sleep, diet, exercise)
Healthy People Initiative, USA
1- who are more likely to reach their full potential
2- Name an initiatives to promote health since 1979 Healthy People
3- list the 4 overarching goals of the health people 2020 initiative
1- healthy people
2- The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
3-
- Improve quantity and quality of life by eliminating preventable disease and premature death
- Eliminate disparities and achieve health equity for all people
- Protect health through all stages of life
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
Healthy People 2020 - Sleep Health
- Overarching aim
- Four goals on sleep health
To increase public knowledge of how adequate sleep and treatment of sleep disorders improve health, productivity, wellness, quality of life and safety on roads and in the workplace
- Increase the proportion of persons with symptoms of OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) who seek medical evaluation
- Reduce the rate of vehicular crashes that are due to drowsy driving
- Increase the proportion of students in grades 9-12 who get sufficient sleep (at BL only 30.9% had sufficient sleep of 8+ hours)
- Increase the proportion of adults who get sufficient sleep (71.6% of adults got sufficient sleep in 2008)
Healthy People 2030
Sleep Health Workgroup Objectives
- increase the proportion of adults who get enough sleep (getting worse)
- increase the proportion of high school students who get enough sleep (getting worse)
- reduce the rate of motor vehicle crashes due to drowsy driving (little or no detectable change)
- increase the proportion of adults with sleep apnea symptoms who get evaluated by a health care provider (little or no detectable change)
What about the UK?
1- NHS created in?
2- NHS long term plan launched in?
3- more on …. inequalities
4- what had a major impact, causing backlogs in many services
1- 1948
2- 2019
3- More on prevention and health inequalities (smoking, obesity, alcohol, air pollution, antimicrobial resistance, empowering people and improving population health)
4- Pandemic
Determinants of Health Outcome
- physical environment
- health services
- biology and genetics
- individual behaviour
- social environment
Are we on board?
There is a lag in passing on information from the lab, from the sleep research experts to the health professionals and the general public.
In order to change we need to be aware
- Use of apps and bedtime tools
- Consider sleep in context and not in isolation
- Sleep diaries, the “gold standard” of subjective measures of sleep behaviour and the tool to assess treatment effect size for insomnia (Carney et al 2012)
- Accessible, easy to use and inexpensive although not as accurate as objective measures
