Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Beneficial insects

A
  • Insects that perform a valuable service in the environment such as
    pollination and pest control.
  • Honeybees, butterflies, moths and many more…
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2
Q

Damage to crops by insects

A

Usually syntheticchemicals are used to stop insects but these are damaging to people and the environment

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3
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

Phylum Nematoda consist of approximately 29 500 species and
approximately 16 000 are recognised as parasitic.

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4
Q

Nematode

A
  • Nematode are microscopic species parasite to certain organisms.
  • Nematodes are free living species in the soil, fresh water, marine
    environment, etc.
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5
Q

Citrus EPN

A
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6
Q

nematode eating type

A

There are nematodes that feeds on fungi, plants, bacteria, insects, and
other nematodes.

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7
Q

Beneficial nematodes

A

Nematodes that feed on fungi or insects are called beneficial nematodes
(i.e. Entomopathogenic nematodes, etc).
* Beneficial nematodes help in bacteria population control and biological
control agent against crop pests.

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8
Q

nematode habitat

A

■ Reside in water films and in water filled pore spaces in the soil
■ lethal obligate parasites to insects

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9
Q

EPN genera

A

EPNs from the genera Steinernema, Heterorhabditis and Oscheius have
mutualistic associations with bacteria from the genus Xenorhabdus,
Photorhabdus and Serratia, respectively

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10
Q

ENT symbiosis

A

■ form symbiotic relationships with specific species of pathogenic bacteria
■ Work together with their symbiotic bacteria to infect and kill various types of
commercial crop insects

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11
Q

EPNs life cycle

A

IJs use external openings (anus, mouth, etc) to invade their host.
* Bacteria symbionts is released by the IJs into the Host gut to infect
and cause infections results into host death.
* This process take place parallel to EPNs feeding and reproduction.
* Depletion of food within the host result into emergence of the IJs into the environment and reset the life cycle.
The ITs eat the bacteria in order to
growandreproduce

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12
Q

EPN diagram

A
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13
Q
A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
16
Q

Apple EPN

A
17
Q

Grapevine EPN

A
18
Q

Peach EPN

A
19
Q

Cherry EPN

A
20
Q

Phase 1 McKoneky

A
21
Q

Phase I NBTA

A
22
Q

Phase II Mckonky

A
23
Q

Phase II NBTA

A