endo bacteria

Question 1

Symbiotic bacteria relationship

Answer 1

one bacteria access nutrients within the
organism and a place to live and proliferate within then host whereas the
bacteria become pathogenic and result into infection and death to other
organism and the host benefits.

Question 2

Bacteria advantages

Answer 2

• EPNs provide a shelter to the bacteria symbionts.
• Provides protection to the bacteria against atmospheric pressure,
  harsh environmental stressors (temperature, pH, ultraviolet rays, etc).
• EPNs seek and invade the host for source of food (thus provide
  nutrients for bacteria for survival and bacteria proliferation)

Question 3

EPNs advantage

Answer 3

• Bacteria symbionts are involved in EPNs defence mechanism against
  microbe infection.
• Bacteria are solely responsible for killing of the host which is beneficial for
  EPNs.
• Bacteria enhance EPNs survival chance by providing secondary metabolite
  to the EPNs and are used to improve EPNs growth and various stress
  survival (such as pH, desiccation, ultraviolet rays, temperature, etc).
• Bacteria symbionts are also involved in metabolic stress suppression in
  EPNs.

Question 4

Bacteria symbionts Infection Mechanism

Answer 4

• When the host system by the EPNs, the bacteria symbionts is released in
  the gut to cause infections and kill the host.
• Bacteria symbionts have set of genes that produce the biochemical toxins
  that is harmful to another organisms.
• Bacteria symbionts has color coding genes that are expressed and visible in
  the infected larvae state (The purpose of this is unknown)

Question 5

Virulence of bacteria

Answer 5

• Bacteria have a unique biological system which activate during environmental
  stressors (i.e., UV tolerance, temperature, desiccation, pH, etc.).
• Heat shock proteins are vital factor for maintaining bacteria viability, virulence
  and defense against environmental stressors.
• Hsps are highly expressed during cellular stress, they serves as chaperones and
  have holdase functions which prevent protein aggregations, regardless to the
  type of cellular stress.
• During UV tolerance or temperature fluctuation, vital proteins for virulence,
  viability and defense degrade. Fortunately, Hsps help in maintaining the
  precursors of these protein functions.

Question 6

Defence of Bacteria symbionts

Answer 6

• The bacteria symbionts has specific genes that code for specialized
  genes used in defense mechanism against different organisms.
• There is another robust mechanism that involves production
  metabolites.
• Primary and Secondary bacteria symbionts metabolites have
  microbial anti agents that are used as defense mechanism for both
  bacteria and host (EPNs).